北大秦简《田书》与秦代田亩、田租问题新释  

A New Explanation of Farmland,Farm Rent in Qin Dynasty and Tian Shu in Qin Slips of Peking University

作　　者：杨博 YANG Bo(Institute of Ancient History,Chinese Academy of History,Beijing 100101)

机构地区：[1]中国历史研究院古代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国农史》2020年第2期72-80,57,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“北京大学藏秦简牍整理与研究”(10&ZD90);国家社科基金重大项目“出土简帛文献与古书形成问题研究”(19ZDA250)的阶段性成果之一;教育部、国家语委甲骨文等古文字研究与应用专项重点项目“北京大学藏秦、汉简牍文字、文本综合研究”(YWZ-J020);贵州省2019年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题“出土战国秦汉简牍典籍的史学研究”(19GZGX27)的资助。

摘　　要：北大藏秦简《田书》为研究秦人田亩、田租等问题提供了新资料。利用这些资料与传世文献进行比较研究,可以初步得出关于秦代田亩、田租问题的一些新认识:《田书》与秦代"税田""取程"的密切联系,不仅为了解秦代"取程"文书提供样板,更反映出江汉平原地理环境下田亩之划分似是以广、纵四十、六十及三十、八十等二百四十的整数约数来进行的;田租是通过划定"税田"的方式按亩征收的。"税田"为应纳税的总土地面积的十二分之一,其缴纳全部产量作为总土地面积应缴纳的田租。以"程"为标准,可将"税田"换算成若干程,程数与一斗之积即为需缴纳的总田租数量。Tian Shu(田书),the Qin slips of Peking University,provides new materials for the study of the Qin people’s farmland and farm rent.By using these new materials and handed down documents for comparative study,we can get some new understandings about the problems of farmland and rent in Qin Dynasty:the close relationship between the Tian Shu and the"tax farmland","taking process"in Qin Dynasty,which not only provides a model for understanding the"taking process"documents in Qin Dynasty,but also reflects that the division of farmland and farmland in Jianghan Plain seems to be based on the geographical environment of broad,vertical 40,60 and 30,the land rent is collected by the way of delimiting"tax land"."Tax land"is one twelfth of the total land area to be taxed,and the total output to be paid is the land rent to be paid for the total land area.According to the standard of"Cheng",the"tax land"can be converted into several Cheng.The product of Cheng and one Dou is the total amount of land rent to be paid.

关 键 词：北大秦简 《田书》 田亩 田租 税田 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]