海底隧道突水演化机制与过程控制方法  

Water inrush evolutionary mechanisms of subsea tunnels and process control method

作　　者：张顶立[1] 孙振宇[1] 宋浩然[1] 方黄城 ZHANG Dingli;SUN Zhenyu;SONG Haoran;FANG Huangcheng(Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学城市地下工程教育部重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2020年第4期649-667,共19页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51738002);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0805401)。

摘　　要：突涌水灾害是海底隧道施工面临的核心技术难题,能否成功处置直接影响到工程建设的成败。鉴于此,本文通过对突水事故案例及发生条件的分析,建立3种模式的突水机制模型,分别揭示水力劈裂型、地层坍塌型和界面滑移型突水的演化机制及本质特点,提出以地层变形作为突水灾害过程特征参数;基于能量守恒原理揭示海底隧道上覆地层变形的传递规律,提出分层沉降的计算方法;建立海床安全性与隧道围岩变形的对应关系,其中包括地层开裂与变形、海床沉降与隧道拱顶沉降的关系,由此可对施工过程中的突水灾害进行实时预测和评估;提出以水致灾害作为核心安全风险,并基于变位分配原理提出分阶段过程控制方法。针对复杂水域条件,提出包括精细勘察和精准预报在内的地质保障技术,建立突涌水风险等级评价方法。最终形成了以地层变形控制为核心的海底隧道精细化过程控制技术体系,将其应用于厦门翔安海底隧道穿越F1风化槽段,实现了毫米量级的精细化控制,确保了工程安全。Water inrush disasters are the key issues during the construction of subsea tunnels,and whether or not they are successfully treated directly influences the engineering construction. Through the analysis of water inrush cases and their occurrence conditions,three models of water inrush are established,which respectively reveal the water inrush evolution mechanisms and their essential characteristics of hydraulic fracturing,formation collapse and interface slip. Ground deformation is proposed to act as the characterization parameter of water inrush disasters. Based on the energy conservation principle,the transmission law of ground deformation is revealed,and a calculation method of layered settlement is proposed. The relationships between seabed security and ground deformation such as ground cracking and deformation as well as seabed settlement and tunnel arch settlement are established,by which water inrush disasters during construction can be predicted and evaluated in real time. A concept taking water-induced disasters as the core safety risk is proposed, and a phased process control method is proposed based on the principle of displacement distribution. In view of complex water conditions,geological guarantee techniques including detailed investigations and accurate predictions are put forward,and an evaluation method of water inrush risk level is established. Finally,a refine process controlling technology system of subsea tunnels based on ground deformation control is formed. The proposed technology system is then applied to F1 weathering trough segment of Xiang’an subsea tunnel in Xiamen,and a precision control of millimeter level is realized,ensuring the engineering safety.

关 键 词：隧道工程 海底隧道 水致灾害 突水机制 地层变形 海床沉降 过程控制 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]