高空抛物案的刑法学分析  

Criminal Law Analysis of High Toss Cases

作　　者：张明楷[1] ZHANG Mingkai

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2020年第3期12-26,共15页Law Review

摘　　要：刑法第114条中的"危害公共安全"是对具体危险犯的表述,不应将"危害公共安全"变更表述为"足以危害公共安全"。虽然刑法分则第二章所保护的是公共安全,但对公共安全的具体内容应当分别根据刑法条文的具体规定予以确定。总的来说,公共安全是指不特定或者多数人的生命、身体等方面的安全,但刑法第114条所保护的只能是不特定且多数人的生命、身体的安全。其中的"不特定"并非指行为对象的不确定,而是指危险的不特定扩大。通常的高空抛物行为,不具有导致不特定或者多数人伤亡的具体危险,不能认定为以危险方法危害公共安全罪;在人员密集的场所实施高空抛物行为,虽然可能侵犯多数人的生命、身体,但由于不具有危险的不特定扩大的特点,也不应认定为以危险方法危害公共安全罪。对于高空抛物行为,应当根据具体情形分别认定为故意杀人、过失致人死亡、故意伤害、过失致人重伤、重大责任事故、故意毁坏财物、寻衅滋事等罪。The "endangering public security" prescribed in Article 114 of the Criminal Law is the expression of concrete dangerous crime, which should not be amended to "enough to endanger public security". Although Chapter II of the Special Part of the Criminal Law protects public security, the specific contents of public security should be determined according to specific provisions of the Criminal Law. Generally speaking, public security refers to the security of the life and health of non-specific or majority people, but only the security of the life and health of the non-specific and majority people can be protected by Article 114 of the Criminal Law. The "non-specific" herein does not refer to the behavior object that cannot be specified, but refers to the danger that cannot be specified in its expansion. Regarding the ordinary act of high toss, it does not create concrete danger of causing injuries and deaths of non-specific or majority people, thus it cannot be considered as crimes of endangering public security by dangerous means. As to the act of high toss in crowed places, even though it might cause injuries and deaths of majority people, but it cannot create the danger that cannot be specified in its expansion, thus it cannot be considered as crimes endangering public security by dangerous means. With regards to the act of high toss that violates the criminal law, it shall be determined separately as crimes of intentional killing, crimes of death caused by negligence, crimes of intentional injury, crimes of serious injury caused by negligence, crimes of serious accident involving major liability, crimes of intentional destruction of property, and crimes of making trouble and causing disturbance according to specific circumstances.

关 键 词：高空抛物 危害公共安全 以危险方法危害公共安全罪 故意杀人罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]