从“权利规范模式”走向“行为控制模式”的数据信托--数据主体权利保护机制构建的另一种思路  

Data Trust from “Right Norm Mode” to “Behavior Control Mode”:Another Way to Construct Mechanism for Protecting Data Subject’s Rights

作　　者：冯果[1] 薛亦飒 FENG Guo;XUE Yisa

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2020年第3期70-82,共13页Law Review

基　　金：中宣部文化名家“四个一批”人才自主项目“金融安全的法律保障”研究成果之一。

摘　　要：单纯通过立法赋予当事人权利并不能改变"强权即正确"的残酷现实。相比于传统赋权模式,信托机制以信义义务实现了数据控制人与数据主体之间权利义务的不均衡配置,通过凸显隐私保护、降低举证难度、提高数据泄露时公民获得救济的机率,保护了数字时代数据主体的脆弱性,进而发挥私法救济的功效,间接促成信托机制在数据保护与责任规则相互作用下的一次完美嬗变。Conferring litigants the rights would not change the brutal real that "might is right". Most of data subjects’ claims are not supported in practice, which calls for legal intervention and favorable protection. In reality, internet platform and other data controllers have substantial dominate and control powers which in fact are tantamount to the ownership of data, while the data subject is merely with the nominal ownership of data. Such a structure is extremely similar to the dual ownership structure of trust. With high-standard fiduciary duties and responsibility assigning mechanism, data trust is in the best position to solve the interest conflicts between data subjects and data controllers. And it also provides mechanism advantages for data controllers to be the representative of action in the cases of data revealing caused by the third party, which helps to solve the problem of high litigation costs as well as improving data subjects’ relative low degree of specialization in litigation, and finally increase the possibility to win. Given all these facts, there is a necessity to tap the special role trust mechanism could play in data governance.

关 键 词：数据信托 数据治理 信义义务 卡-梅框架 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]