化肥减施下冬种油菜还田对广西双季水稻的产量效应  

Effect of Winter-planting Rape Returning with Less Chemical Fertilizers on Yield of Double-cropping Rice in Guangxi

作　　者：陈桂芬[1] 黄雁飞[1] 刘斌[1] 刘淑仪[2] 黄玉溢[1] 林昔香 刘忠[2] 唐其展[1,2] CHEN Guifen;HUANG Yanfei;LIU Bin;LIU Shuyi;HUANG Yuyi;LIN Xixiang;LIU Zhong;TANG Qizhan(Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Binyang Soil and Fertilizer Workstation,Nanning,Guangxi 530400,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院,广西南宁530007 [3]宾阳县土肥站,广西南宁530400

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2020年第2期18-22,共5页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2018YFD020030603);广西科技计划项目(桂科AD17195026)。

摘　　要：为探讨化肥减量施用条件下,冬种油菜还田对双季水稻产量的影响效应,本研究在广西主要稻作区进行了稻-稻-油菜的轮作试验。结果表明:①化肥减施条件下,油菜还田能够提供丰富的营养物质供水稻生长发育及产量的形成,增加了水稻的有效穗、穗长、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,从而提高了水稻产量。与习惯施肥相比,化肥减施20%时,油菜还田处理的早稻和晚稻产量分别比习惯施肥处理增产7.89%和3.90%;化肥减施25%时,油菜还田处理的早稻和晚稻产量分别比习惯施肥处理增产4.44%和1.41%。②油菜还田可以提高土壤肥力,提升耕地质量,每100 kg油菜(干物)可向土壤提供氮素2.76 kg,磷素0.35 kg,钾素2.65 kg,有机碳40.12 kg。In order to explore the effect of winter-planting rape returning to field as green manure with less chemical fertilizers on the yield of double-cropping rice,a rice-rice-rape rotation experiment was conducted.Results showed:①rape returning to field with less chemical fertilizers could provide rich nutrients for rice growth with more effective panicles,panicle length,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight,so increased rice yield;compared with the control,rape returning with reduction of 20% chemical fertilizers could increase yield of early rice and late rice by 7.89%and 3.90%,respectively;and reduction of 25% chemical fertilizers could increase rice yield by 4.44%and 1.41%,respectively.②Rape returning to field as green manure could improve soil fertility and quality,owning to 100 kg rape(dry weight)providing N 2.76 kg,P 0.35 kg,K 2.65 kg and organic C 40.12 kg to soil.

关 键 词：化肥减施 油菜 水稻 产量效应 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S511.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]