探出开孔式高速水稻膜上插秧机分插机构设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of High-speed Rice Transplanter with Extensible Mulch Cutting Mechanism in Mulching Cultivation System

作　　者：许春林[1] 单伊尹 辛亮[1] 解江涛 李峥 赵匀[1] XU Chunlin;SHAN Yiyin;XIN Liang;XIE Jiangtao;LI Zheng;ZHAO Yun(College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第5期79-87,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51775104)。

摘　　要：针对水稻覆膜栽培机械作业过程中存在分插机构直接插秧造成秧苗根系损伤或开孔装置结构复杂造成同步性差、漏插等问题,设计了一种切膜开孔、分秧栽植配合精准的一体式高速水稻膜上插秧机分插机构。通过分析其结构特点和工作原理,建立分插机构运动学模型,基于Visual Basic 6.0软件编写了计算机辅助分析与优化软件,优化得到满足水稻覆膜栽培农艺要求的结构参数和秧针尖点和切膜开孔刀尖点轨迹,优化结果为:取秧角16.01°、推秧角62.43°、膜上开孔长度44.31 mm、膜孔与穴口偏差5.02 mm、栽植位置21.63 mm;将三维建模仿真与高速摄像试验相结合,对比分析可知,仿真轨迹、试验轨迹与理论轨迹基本一致,验证了分插机构设计的正确性和合理性;土槽试验结果表明,在速比特征系数λ=1.57时,分插机构能够依次完成切膜开孔与栽植动作,膜上穴口长度和栽植位置的实测值与理论值偏差均小于4 mm,符合水稻膜上探出开孔式分插机构设计要求。Aiming at the problems of the root of rice seedling were damaged because of the existing rice transplanting mechanism without mulch cutting device or the structure of the mulch cutting device was complicated causing poor synchronization and missing transplanting,the high-speed transplanter with extensible mulch cutting mechanism in the mulching cultivation system was designed based on the agronomic requirements of rice transplanting.The working principles of theoretical model was analyzed and a kinematic model of the rice transplanting mechanism was established.Computer-aided analysis and optimization software based on the Visual Basic 6.0 was developed and used to obtain a set of structure parameters and the trajectory of seedling-picking needle tip point and mulch cutting knife endpoint trajectory,which satisfied the transplanting requirements,the optimized parameters were as follows:seedling-picking angle was 16.01°,seedling-pushing angle was 62.43°,the mulch slit length was 44.31 mm,the deviation of the mulch slit was 5.02 mm,and planting position was 21.63 mm.The 3D simulation model was combined with high speed photography test,the prototype machine test results were consistent with the theoretical analysis and virtual simulation results,the correctness and rationality of the design of extensible mulch cutting slit mechanism were verified.The soil bin transplanting experiment was conducted,the test showed that when the speed ratio characteristic coefficient was 1.57,the mechanism can finish cutting mulch and transplanting at the same time,the mulch slit length and plant location deviation of measured value with the theoretical values were less than 4 mm,which reflected the practicality of the rice transpalnter with extensible mulch cutting mechanism.

关 键 词：水稻 覆膜栽培 分插机构 探出开孔 优化设计 土槽试验 

分 类 号：S223.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]