旋转耕作部件性能测试试验台设计与应用  

Design and Application of Performance Test Bench for Rotary Tiller Components

作　　者：曾荣 李东东 祝英豪 夏俊芳[1,2] ZENG Rong;LI Dongdong;ZHU Yinghao;XIA Junfang(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第5期88-97,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51605182);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503136);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301303);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2662016QD001)。

摘　　要：针对现有室内土槽测控方式落后、旋耕刀辊更换不便,以及田间试验的土壤环境因素不可控等问题,提出了一种用于旋转耕作部件性能测试的专用智能化测试试验台,阐述了其设计原理及测控方式。试验台由测试台车及轨道系统构成,测试台车集旋耕、土壤平整、土壤压实、耕深调节功能于一体,功能相对独立,能够实现刀辊快速更换;轨道系统由多段拼装而成,长度可扩展,高度可调节,位置可移动。测试台车行走、旋耕作业及耕作深度调节均采用电力拖动方式;控制系统以PLC为核心,借助无线射频LoRa通信控制技术,实现无线控制输入;通过调试,测试台车可实现0~1.17 m/s前进速度、0~340 r/min旋耕转速及0~30 cm耕作深度的稳定无级调节。测试系统集前进速度、刀辊扭矩、刀辊转速、刀辊功耗等多参数测试于一体,通道可扩展,同时采用无线数据传输方式,传感器数据与计算机之间采用无线连接。应用该试验台开展了旋耕刀辊功耗试验,以前进速度、刀辊转速及耕作深度为因素,以功耗为指标,对普通旋耕刀辊开展了三元二次旋转正交组合试验;以螺旋横刀刀宽、安装角为因素,以功耗为指标,对组合旋耕刀辊进行了试验。试验表明,所设计的旋转耕作部件性能测试试验台满足多因素多水平的测试需求,验证了该试验台对不同旋转耕作部件的良好适应性。Multi-factor and multi-level machine-soil interaction experiment is the basis of structural design and determination of optimal working parameters for rotary tiller components.Existing indoor soil-bins have the disadvantages of backward control and measurement methods and inconveniences in replacement of blades rollers.At the same time,the problems of uncontrollable soil environmental factors exist in field experiments.In view of the above problems,a special intelligent test bench for performance test of rotary tiller components was presented,and its design principle,control mode and measurement method were expounded.The test bench consisted of a test trolley and a track system.The test bench was composed of the test trolley and the track system.The test trolley integrated the functions of rotary tillage,soil leveling,soil compaction,and tillage depth adjustment.With relatively independent functions,the test bench can realize rapid replacement of rotary blade rollers.The track system was assembled by multiple sections,for which the total length can be expanded,the height can be adjusted and the position can be moved.Electric drive mode was adopted in driving,rotary tillage,and tillage depth adjustment of the test trolley.Taking PLC as control core,radio frequency LoRa communication control technology was used to achieve wireless control input,which guaranteed the convenience in operation and maintenance of the test bench.The debugging results showed that the forward speed,rotary tillage speed and tillage depth can be adjusted continuously,which were in ranges of 0~1.17 m/s,0~340 r/min and 0~30 cm,respectively.Multi-measuring functions were completed in the test bench,such as forward speed,working torque,rotary speed,and power consumption.The test channels were designed to be extensible.What’s more,wireless data transmission mode was adopted to realize wireless connection between sensor data and computer.Power consumption experiments of rotary blade rollers were carried out on the test bench.Taking forward speed

关 键 词：旋转耕作部件 性能测试试验台 控制系统 测试系统 功耗试验 

分 类 号：S222.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程] N945.23[农业科学—农业工程]