淋病奈瑟菌感染的实验室诊断技术概述  

Summary of laboratory diagnostic techniques for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection

作　　者：左世梅 付学丽 宋瑞瑜 徐子程 张晓刚 ZUO Shimei;FU Xueli;SONG Ruiyu;XU Zicheng;ZHANG Xiaogang(KunMing Health Vocational College,Jinning,Yunnan 650600,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明卫生职业学院,云南晋宁650600

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2020年第4期481-486,共6页Chinese Journal of Microecology

摘　　要：淋病奈瑟菌是淋病的病原菌,淋病不及时诊断和治疗会引起严重的并发症,早期诊断和治疗是控制淋病传播的关键。试验诊断技术在淋病的诊断和治疗中具有十分重要的作用。目前,常用的试验诊断方法有涂片镜检、分离培养、免疫学方法、分子生物学检查和快速检查等。分泌物直接涂片染色镜检大多常用革兰染色,但是有其局限性,细菌培养是诊断淋病的金标准,也是目前诊断淋病最可靠的方法,但淋病奈瑟菌培养困难,仅做细菌学培养检查,诊断意义有限。随着新仪器的研发以及现代分子生物学理论和技术的发展,快速、准确、特异、敏感的分子生物学技术已经成为试验诊断的重要手段,具有广阔的应用前景,临床上还需要开发新的核酸扩增试验技术,以便更好地指导临床治疗。临床医生在实际诊疗过程中应该根据患者的实际情况正确选择检测方法,有时建议选择两种以上的检测方法以提高阳性检出率。本文就淋病奈瑟菌感染的试验诊断技术的研究进展加以概述。Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea.Unrecognized and untreated infections may lead to serious complications.Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to controlling the spread of gonorrhea.Laboratory diagnostics play a very important role in the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea.At present,the commonly used diagnostic test methods include smear microscopic examination,isolation and culture,immunology method,molecular biology examination and rapid examination,etc.The staining of secretions in direct smear method usually uses Gram staining,which is limited.Bacterial culture test is the gold standard for diagnosis of gonorrhea and the most reliable way to diagnose gonorrhea,but the culturing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is difficult,and bacteriological tests alone have limited diagnostic significance.With the development of new equipment and modern molecular biology theory and technology,rapid,accurate,specific and sensitive molecular biology technology has become an important means of laboratory diagnosis and shown encouraging results.There is also a need to develop new nucleic acid amplification test techniques in order to better guide clinical treatment.Clinicians should properly select the detection methods according to the actual conditions of the patients in the process of diagnosis and treatment.Sometimes more than two detection methods should be used to improve the positive detection rate.This article focuses on the recent advances in the studies on laboratory diagnostic techniques.

关 键 词：淋病奈瑟菌 淋病 实验室诊断技术 核酸扩增试验 

分 类 号：R759.2[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学] R446.5[医药卫生—临床医学]