种植密度和滴头间距对民勤春玉米产量及土壤水氮影响  

Effects of Planting Density and Drip Spacing on the Yield of Spring Corn and the Distribution Law of Soil Water and Nitrate Nitrogen in Minqin Area

作　　者：王洋[1] 伍娟 黄兴法[1] 李光永[1] WANG Yang;WU Juan;HUANG Xiang-fa;LI Guang-ying(China Agricultural university, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第3期1-6,11,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目“河西走廊玉米小麦田间节水节肥节药综合技术”(201503125)。

摘　　要：探究种植密度和滴头间距对膜下滴灌春玉米生长的影响。以玉米“先玉335”在甘肃省民勤地区进行大田试验。玉米膜下滴灌设置3种种植密度(A1:97500株/hm2、A2:105000株/hm2、A3:112500株/hm2)和3种滴灌带滴头间距(B1:20 cm、B2:30 cm、B3:40 cm)9种组合试验处理,分析玉米不同处理的土壤水氮分布、产量及水分利用效率等,得到适宜的灌水技术参数。玉米种植密度对土壤水氮分布规律影响并不显著,但玉米产量随着密度增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,“先玉335”最佳种植密度在105000株/hm2左右,A2玉米产量最高,达到14585.8 kg/hm2,比A1、A3的产量分别大4.8、3。滴头间距对土壤水氮分布影响显著,不同滴头间距为玉米生长提供的土壤水氮环境有所差异,进而影响春玉米的耗水规律、产量。在本试验条件下,滴灌带滴头间距大,土壤水和硝态氮呈窄深型分布;滴头间距小,土壤水和硝态氮呈宽浅型分布。滴头间距B3的玉米产量最高为15615.0 kg/hm2,比B1、B2产量分别大17.8、11.6。A2B3在各处理中玉米产量和水分利用效率最大。玉米“先玉335”种植密度105000株/hm2和滴头间距40 cm组合效果最佳,更适宜在甘肃民勤地区推广应用。In order to explore the effects of planting density and drip spacing on the growth of spring corn under filmed drip irrigation,the field experiment of corn“Xianyu 335”was carried out in Minqin area of Gansu province.Three planting densities(A1:97500 plants/hm2,A2:105000 plants/hm2,A3:112500 plants/hm2)and three drip spacings(B1:20 cm,B2:30 cm,B3:40 cm)were set under corn filmed drip irrigation,and nine combinations of experimental treatments were conducted to analyze the distribution of soil water and nitrogen,yield and water use efficiency of different treatments of maize,so as to obtain appropriate irrigation technical parameters.The distribution law of soil water and nitrogen,physiological indexes,yield and water use efficiency of different corn treatments were analyzed.The results showed that:the planting density of corn had no significant influence on the distribution of soil water and nitrogen,but the yield of corn first increased and then decreased with the increase of density.The optimal planting density of“Xianyu 335”was about 105000 plants/hm2 under mulched drip irrigation.The yield of A2 corn was the highest,reaching 14585.8 kg/hm2,4.8%and 3%higher than that of A1 and A3,respectively.Drip spacing had a significant effect on soil water and nitrogen distribution.The soil water and nitrogen environment provided by different drip spacing for maize growth was different,which affected the water consumption and yield of spring corn.Under the conditions of this test,the larger the distance between the drips,the narrower and deeper the soil nitrate nitrogen distribution.The smaller the distance between the drips,the broader and shallower the soil nitrate nitrogen distribution.The highest yield of maize was B3,which was 15615.0 kg/hm2,17.8%and 11.6%higher than that of B1 and B2,respectively.A2B3 had the highest yield of corn and the maximum water use efficiency.The combination of corn“xianyu 335”with a planting density of 105000 plants/hm2 and the drip spacing of 40 cm had the best effect,they were m

关 键 词：种植密度 滴头间距 土壤水分 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]