高温天气对广东小耳花猪经产母猪繁殖性能的影响  

Effects of High Temperatures on Reproductive Performance of Guangdong Small-spotted Pig

作　　者：韦明飞 李闯 余海乐 李镇养 唐民 王永江 阳林芳 刘小红[3] 曾检华 WEI Mingfei;LI Chuang;YU Haile;LI Zhenyang;TANG Min;WANG Yongjiang;YANG Linfang;LIU Xiaohong;ZENG Jianhua(Guangdong Yihao Indigenous Pig Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangdong Yihao Food Co.,Ltd.,Guangdong Indigenous Pig Protection&Utilization Key Laboratory of Enterprise Guangdong Province,Zhanjiang 524000,China;IPIG Management&Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 511400,China;School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]广东壹号地方猪研究院有限公司,广东壹号食品股份有限公司,广东省地方猪资源保护与利用企业重点实验室,广东湛江524000 [2]广州市艾佩克养殖技术咨询有限公司,广州511400 [3]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275

出　　处：《养猪》2020年第3期69-72,共4页Swine Production

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0501200);广东省扬帆计划(2014YT02H042);湛江市科技计划项目(2017A03008)。

摘　　要：高温天气易对母猪产生热应激,主要表现食欲下降、免疫力下降、产仔性能下降等情况。此项研究采用2018年湛江全年气温数据,对1083窝广东小耳花猪经产母猪的分娩数据进行关联分析。结果表明,天气温度与健仔率呈显著正相关,日最高温与死胎率呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.075(P<0.05);日最低温、日平均温度与死胎率呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.092和0.081(P<0.01);总产仔数和死胎数随胎次的升高而上升,产活仔数和健仔数呈先升高后下降的趋势,胎次、总产仔数与健仔率呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.081和-0.100(P<0.01);胎次、总产仔数与死胎率呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.224和0.172(P<0.01)。繁殖性能受高温天气影响较小,受胎次影响较大。基于该研究结果建议在地方猪开发利用中,及时淘汰高胎龄母猪,维持合理的胎龄结构,改善饲养环境、控制栏舍温度等减轻母猪热应激措施,进一步提高繁殖性能。High temperatures is easy to produce heat stress on sows,including loss of appetite,immunity and litter performance.In this study,the annual temperature data of Zhanjiang in 2018 was used to analyze the delivery datas of 1083 litters of Guangdong Small-spotted pigs.The results showed that there have significant positive correlation between the weather temperature and the rate of healthy fetus,the daily maximum temperature and the rate of stillbirth rate,the correlation coefficient was 0.075(P<0.05),the daily minimum temperature,the daily average temperature and the rate of stillbirth,the correlation coefficient was 0.092 and 0.081(P<0.01),the total number of litters and stillbirths increased with the increase in parity,and the numbers of live and healthy litters increased first and then decreased,the number of live litter and the number of healthy litter increased.There have a significant negative correlation between the number of births and the total number of offspring and the rate of healthy offspring,the correlation coefficients were-0.081 and-0.100(P<0.01);parity and total number of offspring and the stillbirth rate are extremely significantly positively correlated,the correlation coefficients were 0.224 and 0.172(P<0.01);reproductive performance is less affected by high-temperature weather and more affected by parity.This study suggests that in the development and utilization of local pigs,the high gestational age sows should be eliminated in time,the reasonable gestational age structure should be maintained,the feeding environment should be improved,and the temperature of pens should be controlled to reduce the heat stress of sows.The reproductive performance can be further improved.

关 键 词：广东小耳花猪 胎次 高温 热应激 活仔率 健仔率 死胎率 

分 类 号：S828.3[农业科学—畜牧学]