利用秸秆材料处理养殖废水过程中氮的转化与氨排放特征  

Characteristics of nitrogen transformation and ammonia emission in swine wastewater treatment with straw materials

作　　者：赵聪芳 陈坤 李希[2] 夏梦华 刘铭羽 蒋磊 张满意[2] 李裕元[2] 吕殿青[1,3] 吴金水 ZHAO Congfang;CHEN Kun;LI Xi;XIA Menghua;LIU Mingyu;JIANG Lei;ZHANG Manyi;LI Yuyuan;LYU Dianqing;WU Jinshui(School of Resources and Environmental Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410006,China;Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,长沙410006 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [3]江苏理工学院化学与环境工程学院,常州213001

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2020年第4期993-1002,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800100);河南省重大科技专项(161100310600);中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室开放基金资助项目(ISA2018201)。

摘　　要：养殖废水浓度过高,直接排入生态湿地容易造成植物死亡。因此,在养殖废水进入生态湿地之前,须进行前处理,降低其养分浓度,以确保生态湿地对养殖废水的处理效果。通过野外控制实验,研究了添加不同作物秸秆对养殖废水的处理效果,并考察了作物秸秆材料对氮的转化特征。结果表明:通过设置麦秸、玉米秆、稻草和对照4个实验组,在经过6个月的连续处理后,总氮出水浓度为359.8~614.0 mg·L-1,去除率为30%~40%,氨氮出水浓度降至210.6~449.1 mg·L-1,作物秸秆对高负荷养殖废水中氮的脱除效果显著;出水氨氮浓度在绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum elatinoides)人工湿地要求的植物耐受限度内;不同形态氮浓度在基质系统处理前后的占比变化不大,主要以氨氮为主(平均为68.3%),其次为颗粒态氮(平均为22.0%),硝态氮占比极低(<1%);添加作物秸秆能降低养殖废水的氨挥发,生物基质消纳系统中以氨挥发形式损失的氮约占TN去除量的10%,明显低于自然条件下的损失率(60%)。以上研究结果对优化生态湿地处理高负荷畜禽养殖废水工艺具有参考价值和指导意义。Swine wastewater has pollutants with too high concentrations, its directly discharging into constructed wetlands(CWs) can cause plant death. Therefore, the concentration of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in swine wastewater should be reduced before it was discharged into CWs, which could ensure the N and P treatment effects in swine wastewater by CWs. Through field experiments, the treatment effects of swine wastewater by addition of different crop straws were studied, as well as the N transformation characteristics by crop straws. The results showed that four experimental groups with wheat straw, corn straw, straw and control were conducted for 6-month continuous treatment, total nitrogen(TN) concentration in effluent ranged from 359.8 to 613.99 mg·L-1, and the corresponding removal rates were 30% to 40%. Ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N)concentration in effluent decreased 210.61~449.14 mg·L-1. Crop straw showed significant nitrogen removal NH4+-N concentrations in effluent were lower than limits of tolerance of Myriophyllum elatinoides in CWs. Slight changes occurred in the proportion of different N forms before and after treatment by biological matrix systems. The main form was NH4+68.3%, which was followed by particulate nitrogen(PN) with average the proportion of 22.0%, and nitrate nitrogen(NO3-) presented very low proportion <1%. Adding crop straws into swine wastewater could reduce the ammonia volatilization. Ammonia volatilization in the biological matrix pool accounted for 10% TN removal,which was significantly lower than the loss(60%) in natural conditions of the control group. This provides important theoretical value and guiding significance for optimizing constructed wetland treating high load swine wastewater.

关 键 词：作物秸秆 养殖废水 氮转化 氨排放 生态处理 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]