北京市某城区不同粒径和来源大气颗粒物对健康成人血压影响的定组研究  

A panel study on effects of ambient particles of different sizes and from different sources on blood pressure in healthy adults in an urban area of Beijing

作　　者：张俏篪 王童[1] 陈婕[1] 王洋 冯柏洹 赵茜[1] 徐洪兵[1] 刘胜聪 易铁慈[3] 宋晓明[1] 李建平[3] 黄薇[1] ZHANG Qiao-chi;WANG Tong;CHEN Jie;WANG Yang;FENG Bai-huan;ZHAO Qian;XU Hong-bing;LIU Sheng-cong;YI Tie-ci;SONG Xiao-ming;LI Jian-ping;HUANG Wei(Department of Occupational and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Department of Prevention and Health Care,Hospital of Health Science Center,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Division of Cardiology,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100191 [2]北京大学医学部校医院预防保健科,北京100191 [3]北京大学第一医院心内科,北京100034

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2020年第4期306-313,共8页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[背景]空气污染已成为心血管疾病的重要致病因素,血压升高是其可能的机制之一,而不同来源污染物的效应仍不清楚。[目的]研究不同粒径和来源大气颗粒物暴露对健康成人血压的影响。[方法]招募73名健康成年志愿者,采用定组研究方法,于2014年11月-2016年1月进行了4次随访,测量血压,采集血清,测定系统性炎症标志物超敏C反应蛋白和同型半胱氨酸水平;收集研究区域同期空气动力学直径5.6~560 nm的颗粒物粒数浓度和气象资料,并利用正定矩阵因子法对5.6~560 nm共计32个不同粒径段的颗粒物进行来源解析。利用线性混合效应模型分析大气颗粒物暴露对血压的影响。[结果]源解析显示颗粒物有五个主要来源,分别为汽油车排放颗粒、老化机动车颗粒、核模态颗粒、二次颗粒和其他。累积暴露1、2 d的二次颗粒和老化机动车颗粒与舒张压存在正相关(P <0.05),即累积暴露1、2 d的二次颗粒和老化机动车颗粒每升高1个四分位间距粒数浓度,舒张压升高的均值及其95%CI分别为2.9(1.3~4.4)、2.1(0.4~3.7)mmHg和1.7(0.1~3.4)、2.9(0.6~5.1)mm Hg。大气颗粒物在体质量指数≥25 kg·m^-2、超敏C反应蛋白和同型半胱氨酸浓度水平较高的研究对象中升高血压效应更强。[结论]二次颗粒和老化机动车颗粒急性暴露与健康成人舒张压存在正相关,大气颗粒物在超重和系统性炎症水平较高的成人中效应更强。[Background] Air pollution has become a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Increased blood pressure is one of the possible underlying pathways. However, the effects of source-specific pollution remain incompletely understood.[Objective] This study aims to explore the associations of blood pressure in healthy adults with exposure to source-specific versus size-segregated ambient particles.[Methods] Seventy-three healthy adults were recruited for a panel study and underwent four repeated measurements from November 2014 to January 2016. Blood pressure and serum levels of systemic inflammation markers hypersensitive C-reaction protein and homocysteine were measured at each visit. Particle number concentrations of particles in size fractions of 5.6-560 nm and meteorological variables in the study area were collected. The sources were identified based on PNC5.6-560 including a total of 32 size distribution segments, using the positive matrix factorization method. Linear mixed-effect models were constructed to estimate the effects of exposure to ambient particles on blood pressure in healthy adults after adjusting for selected confounders.[Results] The five identified sources of ambient particles were gasoline vehicle emissions, aged vehicle emissions, nucleation, secondary aerosols, and others based on hourly PNC5.6-560 during the study period. The participants’ diastolic blood pressure was positively associated with the exposure to the particles from secondary aerosols and aged vehicle emissions at moving average 1 and 2 days prior to clinic visit(P < 0.05). Significant increases(mean and 95% CI) in diastolic blood pressure of 2.9(1.3-4.4) and 2.1(0.4-3.7) mmHg and 1.7(0.1-3.4) and 2.9(0.6-5.1) mmHg were associated with an interquartile range increase in the number concentrations of particles from secondary aerosols and aged vehicle emissions at moving average 1 and 2 days prior to clinic visit, respectively. Stronger associations were found between particles and increased blood pressure in participant

关 键 词：大气颗粒物 粒径 血压 定组研究 源解析 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]