阳春砂(Amomum villosum Lour.)农家栽培种‘热科1’特征性状初报  

Characteristics of Amomum villosum Lour.‘Reke1’

作　　者：贺军军[1] 姚艳丽[1] 李文秀 张华林[1] 罗萍[1] 唐明尧 刘杰 许英权 吴莹莹 HE Junjun;YAO Yanli;LI Wenxiu;ZHANG Hualin;LUO Ping;TANG Mingyao;LIU Jie;XU Yingquan;WU Yingying(Zhanjiang Experiment Station,CATAS/Guangdong Dryland Water-saving Agricultural Engineering and Technology Research Center,Guang dong Zhanjiang,524013)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站/广东省旱作节水农业工程技术中心,广东湛江524013

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2020年第4期1-6,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家天然橡胶产业技术体系湛江综合试验站(No.CARS-33-GD2);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(No.1630102019002)。

摘　　要：阳春砂(Amomum villosum Lour.)是我国四大南药之一,具有极高的药用价值。我国阳春砂栽培种源混杂、退化严重等问题制约着其品质与药效的提升,亟待加强优质资源的筛选与改良。本研究通过调查阳春砂农家栽培种‘热科1’植物学性状,发现:阳春砂主茎高度208㎝,叶缘波状程度强且整齐,叶舌椭圆形、棕色,叶鞘绿黄色、边缘轻度棕色带;新抽芽被鲜艳棕红色膜质鳞片;花序"L"型、花梗长8.46㎝,小花数11.9朵;唇瓣中脉黄染深紫红,花粉囊覆盖处中部黄色、边缘染微红色;果实椭圆形、基部微三棱形,种子团挥发油含量3.7%,乙酸龙脑酯含量1.68%;种子褐色、不规则形状,千粒重11.42 g。本研究对阳春砂农家栽培种‘热科1’植株、花、果实与种子特性进行了详细的描述,具有鲜明的特征,作为砂仁DUS测试指南的标准品种,为识别‘热科1’品种提供科学依据,为砂仁品种保护奠定基础。Amomum villosum Lour.is one of the four well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plants in South China,and has good medicinal functions.Its quality and pharmaceutical effect are highly restricted due to the fact that it comes from different provenances and is degraded,and it is urgent to strengthen the selection and improvement of its resources.An investigation was made of the botanical traits of A.villosum Lour.‘Reke1’,and the results showed that the‘Reke1’was 208 cm high in main stem,very wavy and regular in leaf margin,elliptic and brown in ligule,greenish-yellow on leaf sheath,and slightly brown on the edge.The buds that newly emerged were covered with bright brown red scales;the inflorescence was shaped as"L";the peduncle was 8.46 cm long with 11.9 florets;the labellum midlines were yellow with deep purplish red,and the central part of the pollen sac was yellow with reddish edges;the fruit was elliptic with a slightly triangular base;the seeds were brown,irregularly shaped,weighed 11.42 g per 1000 seeds,and contained 3.7%of volatile oil and 1.68%of bornyl acetate.The characteristics of plant,flowers,fruits and seeds of‘Reke1’were described in details.The‘Reke1’has distinctive features of A.villosum Lour.and can be listed as one of the standard varieties of A.villosum Lour.in the DUS test guide.The detailed descriptions provide scientific evidence for identification of‘Reke1’and for conservation of the varieties of A.villosum Lour..

关 键 词：阳春砂 栽培种 ‘热科1’ 标准品种 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]