海南垦区胶园葛藤覆盖种植及效果  

Planting and Effect of Cover Plant Kudzu in Rubber Plantation in Hainan State Farms

作　　者：王其同 王明[1] 黄飞 毛新翠 白先权 李振华 WANG Qitong;WANG Ming;HUANG Fei;MAO Xincui;BAI Xianquan;LI Zhenhua(Hainan Rubber Industry Group Co.,Ltd,Haikou,Hainan570105;Hainan Zhongxiang Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chengmai,Hainan570226,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]海南天然橡胶产业集团股份有限公司,海南海口570105 [2]海南中橡科技有限公司,海南澄迈571924

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2020年第4期7-12,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：特色经济作物化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范(No.2018YFD0201100)。

摘　　要：通过在橡胶中小苗胶园覆盖种植葛藤[Pueraria lobata(Willd).Ohwi],检测出橡胶树养分在葛藤覆盖第一年出现降低,随着覆盖时间的推移,树体养分得到恢复和提升;葛藤覆盖胶园土壤中,有效磷和速效钾没有随呈现随时间增长而显著增加的变化,但全氮、有机质、碱解氮及pH都呈现上升趋势,与橡胶树体养分变化趋于一致。对比中小苗生长增粗,结果表明:覆盖葛藤的橡胶中小苗胶园平均增粗较对照区略有提高,第三年显著高于对照区;葛藤覆盖后的胶园管理用工成本比对照区显著降低,每12 hm^2可以减少投入1.25个管护岗位用工,抚管期内可节约6~7年管理岗位成本,每年28878元。据测算,常规胶园主要人工成本约为4326元/hm^2,葛藤覆盖胶园主要人工成本约为1693元/hm^2,对比减幅达到60.9%。在当前天然橡胶价格持续低迷、橡胶中小苗胶园管理用工成本居高的情况下,有效降低橡胶非生产期生产管理成本是橡胶产业可持续发展的重要途径。Kudzu[Puerarialobata(Willd).Ohwi]was planted as a cover plant in the young rubber plantations to observe its effect on the growth and tending of young rubber trees in Wushi,Qiongzhong County,Hainan(the Central Hainan Island)and Xilian,Danzhou City(the West Hainan Island).It was found that the nutrients in the young rubber trees decreased in the first year of Kudzu planting,and were restored and improved with time.In the young rubber plantations covered with Kudzu the soil contents of available phosphorus and available potassiumtended to increase obviously with time while the soil contents of total N,organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and soil pH tended to increase,which was consistent with the change of nutrients of the young rubber trees.The girth growth of the young rubber trees was slightly higher in the young rubber plantations with cover plant than in the control without cover plant in the first two years but significantly higher in the third year.The labor cost was significantly reduced in the young rubber plantations covered with Kudzu as compared to the control.The labor input was reduced by 1.25 labor/12 ha for rubber plantation maintenance,and 28878 yuan per year was saved in the tending period.The main labor cost for the tending of the conventional young rubber plantations was estimated to be about 4326 yuan/ha while the main labor cost for the tending of the young rubber plantations covered with Kudzu was about 1693 yuan/ha,reduced by 60.9%.At present the natural rubber price continues to be low and the cost for tending of young rubber plantations is high.Reducing cost for the tending of the immature rubber plantations is an important way for sustainable development of the rubber industry.

关 键 词：葛藤 橡胶园 覆盖 养分 经济分析 

分 类 号：S576[农业科学—作物学]