贵州野生木本观赏植物多样性及空间分布格局  

Diversity and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Wild Woody Ornamental Plants in Guizhou

作　　者：黄郎 安明态[1,2] 潘端云 施金竹 侯欢欢 Huang Lang;An Mingtai;Pan Duanyun;Shi Jinzhu;Hou Huanhuan(College of Forestry of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;The Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Research Center of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;Guizhou Forestry School, Guiyang 550025, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学生物多样性与自然保护研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省林业学校,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2020年第4期68-74,共7页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：第二次全国重点保护野生植物资源调查贵州专项资金项目。

摘　　要：贵州拥有丰富的野生观赏植物资源。本文在两年野外实地调查的基础上,结合植物志及书籍文献,整理了贵州具有可观赏价值的野生木本植物名录及其地理分布,分析了它们的组成特征、区系成分、园林运用及多样性空间分布格局。结果表明,贵州省具有观赏价值的野生木本植物共106科288属797种,分别占贵州维管束植物的42.06%、16.17%、9.95%。其中热带成分62科149属,略占优势,其次是温带分布有27科134属。从观赏特性上看,观花类、观果类及观叶类最多,分别占总种数的48.06%、42.91%、26.6%。基于县域尺度的分布上呈现出喜热物种偏南和耐寒物种偏北的变化趋势以及在原生性较好的区域以及保护区所在区域物种丰富度较高,基于海拔尺度的垂直分布上呈现出垂直差异高于水平差异的特点。无论从科属结构、植物分布区类型、观赏特性及园林用途,还是从空间分布上看,贵州境内的野生观赏植物都具有丰富的多样性,但是大量可观赏的乡土植物尚处于野生或半野生状态并且极少运用到园林建设中。鉴于此次野外调查结果,文中提出合理开发利用具有较高观赏价值的野生木本观赏植物资源的建议,为充分利用并发挥贵州的植物资源优势及野生观赏植物的引种驯化、良种选育及种质创新奠定基础。Guizhou has abundant wild ornamental plant resources.Based on a large number of field investigations,combined with flora and books,this paper sorts out the list of wild woody plants with ornamental value in Guizhou and their geographical distribution,and analyzes their composition characteristics,floristic elements,garden application and diversity distribution pattern.The results showed that there were 797 wild woody ornamental plants belonging to 288 genera and 106 families in Guizhou Province,accounting for 42.06%,16.17%and 9.95%of the vascular plants in Guizhou.There are 62 families and 149 genera in the tropics,which are slightly dominant,followed by 134 genera in 27 families in the temperate zone.In terms of ornamental characteristics,flower,fruit and leaf species account for 48.06%,42.91%and 26.6%of the total species.On the basis of the distribution of county scale,the variation trend is heat-loving species to the south and cold-tolerant species to the north,and the species richness is higher in the regions with good primordial and the areas where the protection areas are located.On the basis of the vertical distribution of the altitude scale,the vertical difference is higher than the horizontal difference.No matter from the perspective of family and genus structure,plant distribution type,ornamental characteristics and garden use,or from the perspective of spatial distribution,there is rich diversity.but a large number of ornamental native plants are still wild or semi-wild state and rarely used in garden construction.In view of the results of this field survey,the article proposes the reasonable development and utilization of wild woody ornamental plant resources,in order to make full use of it and give full play to the advantages of plant resources in Guizhou.And the domestication of wild ornamental plants,selection and breeding of improved species lay the foundation.

关 键 词：野生观赏植物 木本植物 多样性 分布格局 贵州省 

分 类 号：S685[农业科学—观赏园艺]