海南三亚农村人居环境整治成效与病媒生物种群密度的相关性  

Correlation between the effectiveness of the Rural Settlements Cleanup Project and the population density of vectors in Sanya,Hainan

作　　者：陶峰 周秋明 陈少群 李经朗 胡晓 甘露 刘武汉[3] 荆随宁 杨振洲[5] 董昊炜 彭恒 马雅军 TAO Feng;ZHOU Qiuming;CHEN Shaoqun;LI Jinglang;HU Xiao;GAN Lu;LIU Wuhan;JING Suining;YANG Zhenzhou;DONG Haowei;PENG Heng;MA Yajun(Department of Naval Environmental and Occupational Health,College of Naval Medicine,Navy Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China;Guangdong Institute of Public Health,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510700,China;Sanya Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Sanya,Hainan 572000,China;Office of Leading Group for Rural Affairs of Sanya Municipal Party Committee,Sanya,Hainan 572000,China;Institute of Disease Control and Prevention,PLA,Beijing 100071,China;Department of Pathogen Biology,Basic Medical College,Naval Military Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学海军医学系海军环境与劳动卫生学教研室,上海200433 [2]广东惠利民公共卫生健康研究院,广东广州510700 [3]三亚市疾病预防控制中心,海南三亚572000 [4]三亚市委农村工作领导小组办公室,海南三亚572000 [5]中国人民解放军疾病预防控制所,北京100071 [6]海军军医大学基础医学院病原生物学教研室,上海200433

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2020年第5期456-461,共6页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查海南三亚农村重要病媒生物的种群密度,分析其密度变化与农村人居环境整治成效的相关性。方法于2019年6-11月,参考国家相关标准,对三亚市4个行政区和1个生态区管委会分别随机选取自然村或农场队的公共区域、农户庭院和房前屋后以目测法调查蚊幼孳生地、蚊幼阳性积水、成蚊数,蝇类孳生地、成蝇数,鼠类栖息地、鼠迹数及蟑迹数。结合该自然村或农场队的人居环境评分,分析其与病媒生物种群密度的相关性。结果共调查三亚市163个自然村/农场队次的病媒生物种群数量,其中成蝇数(15.82±22.24)只、蝇孳生地数(4.45±3.21)处的种群数量相对较大,其次是鼠类栖息地数(2.97±6.58)处、鼠迹数(2.79±2.88)只和成蚊数(1.69±6.40)只、蚊孳生地数(2.87±2.53)处、阳性积水数(2.33±2.82)处,蜚蠊蟑迹数(0.16±0.48)只数量较少。从6-11月,病媒生物种群数量整体呈下降趋势。而蝇类孳生地数未见明显改变,鼠迹数和鼠类栖息地数量先下降后上升。本研究观察到三亚农村的病媒生物孳生和栖息地类型很多,具有明显的热带地方特色。相关性分析显示,三亚市农村蚊幼孳生地数、蝇类孳生地、成蝇数、鼠迹数与整治成效,在5个月中呈负相关关系;本研究调查的病媒生物种群数量的8个指标中,除蝇类孳生地和鼠类栖息地外(P>0.05),蚊幼孳生地(P<0.01)、蚊幼阳性积水(P=0.04)、成蚊数量(P=0.01)、成蝇数量(P<0.01)、鼠迹数(P=0.04)和蟑迹数(P=0.04)在农村人居环境和村庄清洁整治后,均有明显降低。结论三亚农村环境中的病媒生物种群密度高,通过农村人居环境整治,病媒生物种群密度明显下降。Objective To investigate the population density of important vectors in rural Sanya,Hainan,as well as toanalyze the correlation between the population densityand the effectiveness of the Rural Settlements Cleanup Project.MethodsFrom June to November 2019,the population density data was obtained by visual inspection referring to improvedrelated Chinese standards once a month.The villages or farm groups under four districts and an ecological zone in Sanya wererandomly selected.The population density information was checked and recorded around public areas of villages or farm groupsand courtyards of peasant households,as mosquito breeding sites,water with mosquito-larvae,adult mosquitoes,fly breedingsites,adult flies,rodent habitats,rodent tracks,and cockroach tracks.Next,the correlation between evaluation scores of theRural Settlements Cleanup Project and population density of vectors was calculated and analyzed.Results Vectorpopulations were investigated from a total of 163 villages/farm groups in Sanya.Fly population(adult flies:15.82±22.24;breeding sites:4.45±3.21)was the largest,followed by rodent population(habitats:2.97±6.58;tracks:2.79±2.88)and mosquitopopulation(adult mosquitoes:1.69±6.40;breeding sites:2.87±2.53;water with mosquito-larvae:2.33±2.82),and cockroachpopulation(tracks:0.16±0.48)was the smallest.From June to November,the overall vector populations showed a decrease trend,whereas the number of fly breeding sites exhibited no significant change.The number of rodent tracks and habitatsde creased and then increased.In this study,many types of vector breeding sites and habitats in rural environment werediscovered with distinct tropical local characteristics.There was a negative correlation between the indices reflecting vectorpopulation density and the effectiveness of the Rural Settlements Cleanup Project in at least three months,and four of them(mosquito breeding sites,fly breeding sites,adult flies and rodent tracks)had a negative correlation with the effectiveness infive months.Out of the

关 键 词：病媒生物 蚊 蝇 鼠 蜚蠊 种群密度 农村 环境整治 

分 类 号：R184.3[医药卫生—流行病学]