沃拉巴木材干燥特性及干燥工艺  

Drying Characteristics and Drying Process of Eperua Falcata Wood

作　　者：杨雪迪 涂登云 陈川富 孙佳琦 曾昭明 颜亮 YANG Xue-di;TU Deng-yun;CHEN Chuan-fu;SUN Jia-qi;ZENG Zhao-ming;YAN Liang(College of Materials and Energy,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学材料与能源学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《林业机械与木工设备》2020年第6期54-58,共5页Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基　　金：广东省科技计划基金项目(2017A050501030);华南农业大学大学生创业创新训练计划项目(201910564345)。

摘　　要：沃拉巴木材光泽强,纹理通直,结构略粗,略均匀,较为坚硬、沉重。树胶含量丰富,木材耐腐性极强,抗蚁和抗干木虫害能力强,抗海生钻木动物性能中等,常用于重型建筑、木瓦、户外地板等。由于沃拉巴木材树胶含量高,木材干燥困难,在户外应用时常出现开裂、变形等质量问题,限制了该木材的应用。究其原因是沃拉巴木材没有经过干燥或干燥质量不达标所致。为提高沃拉巴木材使用效益,实验采取百度试验法研究沃拉巴木材的干燥特性,开展干燥工艺试验,并初步制定沃拉巴木的干燥基准。实验结果表明:沃拉巴木材初期开裂等级为4级、内裂等级为4级、截面变形等级为3级、干燥速度等级为4级,属难干材。采用本文给出的干燥基准,50 mm厚沃拉巴木材从初含水率43%干燥至10.25%用时41天,干燥残余应力及各类可见缺陷均达到《锯材干燥质量标准》(GB/T 6491-2012)一级要求,说明本文给出的干燥工艺可用于指导沃拉巴木材的实际干燥生产。The texture of Eperua falcata wood has strong gloss,usually straight,with slightly thick structure,slightly uniform,and relatively hard and heavy.Because it is rich in gum,the wood is extremely corrosion-resistant,with strong resistance to ants and pests,and moderate resistance to marine borers.It is often used in heavy construction,shingles,outdoor floors,etc.Due to the high gum content of Eperua falcata wood,it is difficult to dry the wood.At present,when it is used outdoors,quality problems such as cracking and deformation often occur during use,which limits the application of the wood.The reason is that the wood is not dry or the dry quality is not up to standard.In order to improve the utilization efficiency of Eperua falcata wood,the 100℃test method was adopted in the experiment to study the drying characteristics of Eperua falcata wood,a drying process test was performed and drying schedule was preliminarily established for Eperua falcata wood.The experimental results show that classes of the initial crack,the internal crack,the section deformation,the drying speed were 4,4,3,4 for Eperua falcata wood,respectively,indicating its drying difficulty.Based on the drying schedule given in this paper,the initial moisture content of 50 mm-thick Eperua falcata wood decreased from 43%to 10.25%using a drying cycle of 41 days,with the drying residual stress and various visible defects all reaching requirements of Class 1 of the Chinese standard GB/T 6491-2021 Sawn Timber Drying Quality,showing that the drying process given in this paper can be used to guide the actual drying production of Eperua falcata wood.

关 键 词：沃拉巴木材 干燥特性 干燥工艺 百度试验法 

分 类 号：S781.71[农业科学—木材科学与技术]