不同施肥器对日光温室茄子生长及根际养分浓度的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizer Applicators on Growth and Rhizosphere Nutrient Concentration of Eggplant in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：王蓉 李佳 朱英 马玲 杨常新 杨冬艳[3] WANG Rong;LI Jia;ZHU Ying;MA Ling;YANG Chang-xin;YANG Dong-yan(National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee in Wuzhong, Wuzhong 751100, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxing University, Yingchuan 750021, China;Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yingchuan 750021, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏吴忠国家农业科技园区管委会,宁夏吴忠751100 [2]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [3]宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第5期1-6,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：宁夏一二三产业融合发展科技创新示范项目(YES-16-03);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23-G24);2019年宁夏科技特派员创业行动专项项目(2019CLN36042)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同施肥器对日光温室茄子生长及根际养分分布的影响,本试验以二珉圆茄为研究对象,设定Mixrite 2.5自动比例施肥器(APF)、可调比例式文丘里施肥器(APVI)和涡旋式施肥器(VF)3种施肥器,对比分析应用3种施肥器下对茄子根际土壤EC、pH,茄子茎粗、株高、产量及水肥生产率的影响。结果表明:通过比较3种施肥器肥液EC、pH,得出溶肥均匀度依次为APF>APVI>VF;0~60 cm茄子根际土壤EC为0.1~0.8 mS/cm;土壤pH在生长末期较定植前,0~30 cm时APF、APVI降低,VF增高3.75,30~60 cm时3者分别增加4.33、4.2、3.91;茄子茎粗在缓慢和快速增长期时,APF处理分别以0.11、0.17 mm/d增长,生育末期高达17.44 mm,株高生长曲线分别用logistic方程模拟,相关系数均高达0.99,APF最高达118.51 cm;处理APF、APVI产量分别为27860.4、27685.05 kg/hm^2,均与VF存在极显著差异,2者灌溉水分生产率分别为24.43、24.29 kg/m^3,比VF均高出17.81、17.05,肥料偏生产率均高出17.78、17.04。同时结合施肥器稳定性、性价比和农民接受度,推荐APVI(可调比例式文丘里注肥器)大面积推广。In order to explore the effects of different fertilizer applicators on the growth and rhizosphere nutrient distribution of eggplant in solar greenhouse,this experiment took the Ermin eggplant as the research object,and set 3 types of fertilizer applicators,including Mixrite 2.5 automatic proportional fertilizer applicator(APF),adjustable proportional Venturi fertilizer applicator(APVI)and vortex fertilizer applicator(VF),to analyze the effects of different fertilizer applicators on the rhizosphere soil EC,pH,stem diameter,plant height,yield and water and fertilizer productivity of eggplant.The results showed that:by comparing the EC and pH of fertilizer solution of the three fertilizer applicators,it was found that the soluble fertilizer uniformity is APF>APVI>VF.The soil EC in eggplants rhizosphere(0~60 cm)varied from 0.1 to 0.8 mS/cm.At the end of the growth period,compared with the preplanting stage,the soil pH at 0~30 cm decreased for APF and APVI,while increased by 3.75%for VF,and at 30~60 cm,the soil pH increased by 4.33%,4.2%and 3.91%,respectively.In the slow and rapid growth period,for the APF treatment,the stem diameter increased by 0.11 and 0.17 mm/d respectively and reached 17.44 mm at the end of the growth period.The growth curve of plant height was simulated by logistic equation,and the correlation coefficient was up to 0.99,the plant height of APF could reach a maximum of 118.51 cm.The yield of APF and APVI was 27860.4 kg/hm^2 and 27685.05 kg/hm^2,respectively,which were significantly different from that of VF.The irrigation water productivity of the first two treatments was 24.43 and 24.29 kg/m^3,respectively,which was 17.81%and 17.05%higher than that of VF,and the partial fertilizer productivity was 17.78%and 17.04%higher than that of VF.Meanwhile,considering the stability,cost performance and farmers'acceptance,APVI(adjustable proportion Venturi fertilizer injector)was recommended to be popularized widely.

关 键 词：施肥器 茄子 根际养分浓度 水肥一体化 溶肥均匀度 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S62[农业科学—农业工程]