新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间北京120院前急救疾病谱特点分析  

Characteristic analysis of pre-hospital emergency disease spectrum of Beijing 120 during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic

作　　者：陈志[1] 聂冬妮 刘民[2] 张文中[1] 王勇 雷燕妮[1] 王小刚[1] Chen Zhi;Nie Dong-ni;Liu Min;Zhang Wen-zhong;Wang Yong;Lei Yan-ni;Wang Xiao-gang(Beijing Emergency Medical Center,Beijing 100031,China)

机构地区：[1]北京急救中心,北京100031 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院流行病学与卫生统计学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国急救医学》2020年第4期286-290,共5页Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine

摘　　要：目的 通过对新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情爆发期间北京急救中心120院前急救患者疾病谱数据与既往同期的对比分析,探讨疫情对120院前急救疾病谱的影响.方法 对北京急救中心120指挥调度系统2020年1月1日0时至2月26日24时受理院前急救呼叫疾病谱进行统计,并与既往(2014~ 2019年)6年间同期数据进行对比分析.结果 相比往年同期,2020年1月1日0时至2月26日24时期间单病种数量增幅最大的前2位任务类别是发热和呼吸系统疾病,消化道疾病、高血压病患者数量升高不明显,而心脏急症、外伤、昏迷、脑血管病、中毒、车祸任务数均有不同程度的下降.发热任务总计7427例,占呼叫时段总例数的10.10%,同期比增长为98.80%.其中明确新冠肺炎相关任务930例,其他发热任务共计6497例,占总数的8.83%,增长幅度高于既往6年的平均增长趋势.同期以呼吸系统疾病呼叫患者例数也有增长,同期比上升8.73%.结论 新冠肺炎疫情导致120院前急救疾病谱出现了特征性变化,其中发热任务明显增加.在120指挥调度数据库中建立院前急救症状监测系统,可能有助于早期发现传染病疫情并监测其发展状态.Objective To investigate the effect of novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic on disease spectrum of 120 pre-hospital emergency patients by comparatively analyzing Beijing Emergency Medical Center(BEMC)disease spectrum data during the outbreak and in previous periods.Methods Data were obtained from 120 dispatch and command system of BEMC.The disease spectrum of pre-hospital emergency calls from 0:00 on 1st January to 24:00 on 26th February in 2020 were calculated,and the corresponding period data of previous years(2014-2019)were compared and analyzed.Results Compared with the same period in previous years,from 0:00 on 1st January to 24:00 on 26th February in 2020,the top two task categories with the highest increase in the number of single disease were fever and respiratory system disease,and the increase of digestive disease and high blood pressure was not significant,while the number of cardiac emergencies,trauma,coma,cerebrovascular disease,poisoning and traffic accident showed varying degrees of decline.The number of fever tasks was 7427,accounted for 10.10%of the total cases with 98.80%increase compared with the same period of the previous six years.Among fever tasks,there were 930 cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia-related tasks and 6497 non-related,accounted for 8.83%of the total,and the increase rate was higher than the average trend of the previous 6 years.In the same period,the number of patients with respiratory diseases also increased by 8.73%year on year.Conclusion The novel coronavirus pneumonia caused characteristic changes of 120 pre-hospital emergency diseases spectrum,in which the"fever"tasks increased significantly.The establishment of a pre-hospital emergency symptom surveillance system based on 120 command and dispatch database may contribute to the early detection of infectious disease outbreaks and monitor epidemic status.

关 键 词：院前急救 症状监测 新型冠状病毒肺炎 指挥调度 发热 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学]