美国刑法中使用非致命武力自我防卫的成立要件  

Essential Elements for Using Non-deadly Force for Self-defense in American Criminal Law

作　　者：黄苏宁 陆凌[1] Huang Suning;Lu Ling(Law School,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学法学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《贵州警察学院学报》2020年第1期37-45,共9页Journal of Guizhou Police College

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(16YJC820023)。

摘　　要：美国刑事立法中的自我防卫是根据不同的保护权益而区分的防卫类型之一,为正当防卫的基础形式,自我防卫的成立要件大致包括非法武力的存在、防卫的紧迫性、防卫武力的合理性、行为人对防卫情境的(合理)相信以及相对的躲避义务(少许州)。美国刑事立法中的自我防卫以行为人(合理)相信防卫情境为判断模式,偏重保护防卫人之自治权利,且其规定详实而明确,极好地保障了正当防卫权利司法合理适用,这对于完善我国正当防卫制度颇有启发。Self-defense in American criminal legislation is one of the defense types classified according to different protection for rights and interests,and also the basic form of justifiable defense.The essential elements for self-defense generally include the existence of illegal force,the urgency of defense,the rationality of defense force,the actor’s (reasonable) belief in the defensive situation and the relative duty to retreat (a few states).The self-defense in the American criminal legislation takes the actor’s (reasonable) belief in the defense situation as the judgment mode,emphasizes the protection for the defender’s right of autonomy,and the provisions are detailed and clear enough to ensure the reasonable judicial application of the right of justifiable defense.This is very enlightening for activating the justifiable defense system in China.

关 键 词：美国刑事立法 正当防卫 自我防卫(合理)相信 防卫的紧迫性 防卫限度 躲避义务 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]