基于高精度土壤数据库的福建省耕地磷储量估算研究  

Estimation of Soil Phosphorus Storage in the Cropland of Fujian Province Based on High-resolution Soil Database

作　　者：沈金泉 SHEN Jin-quan(Fujian Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer Station,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农田建设与土壤肥料技术总站,福建福州350003

出　　处：《土壤通报》2020年第1期79-88,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价项目(2016FK0016)资助。

摘　　要：准确估算农田土壤磷密度及储量可为区域养分的科学管理提供理论依据。本研究以位于我国亚热带地区的福建省耕地为研究区,分别在全省9个地级市分别选取1个典型县(厦门市同安区、泉州市安溪县、莆田市城厢区、漳州市龙海市、三明市三元梅列区、南平市的浦城县、宁德市蕉城区、龙岩市永定县和福州市连江县),利用这些县2008年农业部测土配方施肥项目29695个实测样点建立的1∶5万土壤数据库,以及利用尺度上推的方法估算了全省耕层土壤(0~15 cm)全磷和有效磷密度及储量。结果表明:福建省耕层土壤全磷储量达到2279 Gg(1 Gg=109 g),密度为1140 g m-3,而有效磷储量达到92 Gg,密度为46 g m-3;其中,分布面积最广的水稻土全磷和有效磷储量最大,分别为2056 Gg和84 Gg,占全省耕地总储量的90%和91%。进一步的生态风险评估表明,福建省69%的水稻土已达到或超过磷素富集风险值(20~50 mg kg-1),流失负荷大,污染风险高,以潴育水稻土和渗育水稻土亚类最为明显。因此,今后将面积较大而磷含量高的潴育水稻土和渗育水稻土作为磷素生态风险重点防治对象,并适度降低磷肥施用强度是十分必要的。The accurate estimation for the density and storage of soil phosphorus(P)is very important for the optimized management of P fertilizer application.Nine counties,including Pucheng,Yongding,Jiaocheng,Anxi,Tongan,Sanyuanmeilie,Lianjiang,Chengxiang,and Longhai,in different prefectural-level cities of Fujian Province,China,were selected as typical counties.Based on 29695 soil samples collected in 2008,a 1:50000 soil database was constructed for estimating the density and storage of total P and available P in the farmlands of Fujian Province with the scaling up method.Results showed that the densities of available P and total P in the top layer(0-15 cm)were 46 g m-3 and 1140 g m-3,respectively.Their storage was 92 Gg and 2279 Gg,respectively.Especially,the storage of available P(84 Gg)and total P(2056 Gg)in the paddy soils was the highest among all the soil groups,which accounted for 90%and 91%of the total storage of available P and total P in Fujian Province,respectively.The 69%of the total paddy soil area arrived or exceeded the value of ecological risk of P accumulation(20-50 mg kg-1),particularly for the soil subgroups of Hydromorphic and Percogenic.Therefore,it is necessary to reduce the fertilizer use in the areas of Hydromorphic and Percogenic,and to reduce the environmental problems caused by the P losses.

关 键 词：福建省 土壤类型 磷密度 磷储量 尺度上推 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]