黑木耳菌糠与牛粪共堆腐腐殖质组成的变化  

Changes of Humus Composition during Co-composting of Cow Dung and Black Fungus Chaff

作　　者：王楠 刘兰 王语 雷琬莹 严婷 王帅 WANG Nan;LIU Lan;WANG Yu;LEI Wan-ying;YAN Ting;WANG Shuai(Institute of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University,Jilin 132101,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业科技学院农学院,吉林吉林132101

出　　处：《土壤通报》2020年第1期171-176,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：吉林市科技创新发展计划项目(201750242)资助。

摘　　要：黑木耳菌糠与牛粪是典型的农业废弃物,两者共堆腐是其资源化利用的最佳途径。本文采用室内培养法,将黑木耳菌糠与牛粪按照10∶0(Ⅰ)、9∶1(Ⅱ)、7∶3(Ⅲ)、5∶5(Ⅳ)、3∶7(Ⅴ)、1∶9(Ⅵ)和0∶10(Ⅶ)7个质量比混合进行为期90d的共堆腐试验,以水溶性物质(WSS)、胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)和胡敏素(Hu)的碳含量(CWSS、CHA、CFA、CHu)、HA碱溶液E4/E6以及腐殖化指数(CHA/CFA)为评价指标,筛选最佳原料菌糠、牛粪质量比。结果表明:(1)共堆腐中牛粪比例提高可相应增加堆肥的CWSS、CHA、HA碱溶液E4/E6以及CHA/CFA,使CHu有所降低;(2)随时间的延长,堆肥中的CWSS和CHu含量逐渐下降,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ处理堆肥的CHA含量先降低再大幅度提高,而Ⅲ和Ⅴ处理的CHA含量呈逐渐增加趋势变化。在各处理中,黑木耳菌糠与牛粪按照7∶3共堆腐更有利于堆肥中CHA的积累,堆肥中HA经历了“先降解再缩合,最终分子复杂程度增加”的过程,混料中黑木耳菌糠比例提高有利于HA分子的复杂化;(3)随堆腐时间延长,除Ⅲ处理的CHA/CFA逐渐增加外,其余各处理的CHA/CFA均表现为先减后增的变化趋势,结果堆腐试验结束时Ⅴ处理的增幅最大。综上,黑木耳菌糠与牛粪共堆腐,其原料质量比3∶7的腐熟效果最好。Black fungus chaff and cow dung are typical agricultural wastes,and their co-composting is the best utilization way.The black fungus chaff and cow dung were co-composted at seven ratios of 10∶0(Ⅰ),9∶1(Ⅱ),7∶3(Ⅲ),5∶5(Ⅳ),3∶7(Ⅴ),1∶9(Ⅵ)and 0∶10(Ⅶ),respectively.The best ratio of co-composting was determined according to the carbon(C)contents of water soluble substance(WSS),humic acid(HA),fulvic acid(FA),humin(Hu),E4/E6 ratio of HA extracted with alkali,and humification index(CHA/CFA ratio).The results were as follows:(1)The increase in the ratio of cow dung in the co-composting increased the contents of WSS and HA,E4/E6 ratio of HA extracted with alkali and CHA/CFA ratio,and decreased the content of Hu;(2)The contents of WSS and Hu showed decreasing trends with the composting time.The C contents of HA decreased firstly and then increased greatly in the treatments of I,II,IV,VI and VII,but increased gradually with composting time in the III and V treatments.The co-composting of black fungus chaff and cow dung at ratio of 7∶3 was more beneficial to the C accumulation in HA.The HA experienced a process of degrading,condensing,and then the increase of molecular complexity.The higher ratio of black fungus chaff in the co-composting,the more conducive to the complexity of HA molecules;(3)Except for the III treatment,the CHA/CFA ratio showed the decreasing first and then increasing trends with composting time,especially in the V treatment.In summary,the co-composting of black fungus and cow dung compost at ratio of 3∶7 was more conducive to the decomposed process.

关 键 词：黑木耳菌糠 牛粪 共堆腐 腐殖质组成 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]