肥料及增效剂对黑土无机氮水解酶和大豆产量影响研究  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Synergists on Inorganic Nitrogen and Hydrolase Activities of Black Soil and Soybean Yield

作　　者：周祎 杨彦明[1] 郑海春 刘景辉[1] 张博文 李金龙 刘靖煜 ZHOU Yi;YANG Yan-ming;ZHENG Hai-chun;LIU Jing-hui;ZHANG Bo-wen;LI Jin-long;LIU Jing-yu(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Arun Banner Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Hulunbeier 162750,China;Inner Mongolia Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture Work Station,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]阿荣旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔162750 [3]内蒙古土壤肥料和节水农业工作站,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《土壤通报》2020年第1期177-184,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：农业部黑土地保护与利用试点项目(2016-GC0082-5);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303126)资助。

摘　　要：研究设化肥(CK,掺混肥200 kg hm-2)、无肥(WF,掺混肥0 kg hm-2)、化肥+增效剂(HZ,CK+增效剂20 kg hm-2)、秸秆+有机肥+化肥(JYH,秸秆7500 kg hm-2+有机肥30000 kg hm-2+CK)、秸秆+有机肥+化肥+增效剂(JYHZ,JYH+增效剂20 kg hm-2)5个处理,用田间试验方法,研究了秸秆、有机肥、化肥及增效剂对黑土含水量、无机氮含量、水解酶活性、大豆产量及构成因子的影响。结果表明:(1)大豆苗期(VE)持续干旱、分枝期(V6)持续降雨条件下,各处理对0~20 cm土层土壤含水量未产生显著影响,但JYH、JYHZ处理可导致20~40 cm土层土壤含水量显著增加;大豆盛花期(R2)至成熟期(R8),WF、HZ处理0~20 cm土层土壤含水量显著高于JYH、JYHZ处理,秸秆、有机肥处理在保持表土水分方面劣势明显。(2)大豆生育前期(VE、V6、R2)CK、WF、HZ处理NH4+-N高于JYH、JYHZ处理,而R8期JYH、JYHZ处理显著高于其他处理。VE至R8期,秸秆、有机肥处理可显著提高土壤NO3--N含量,增效剂可不同程度降低土壤NO3--N含量。(3)V6期,JYH、JYHZ处理0~40 cm土层土壤脲酶活性显著高于CK、WF、HZ,配施增效剂可显著提高大豆V6期脲酶活性,提高氮素利用效率;增效剂处理可显著提高鼓粒期、成熟期土壤蔗糖酶活性;秸秆、有机肥处理可提高大豆生育后期土壤蔗糖酶活性。(4)JYH、JYHZ处理生物产量和籽粒产量较CK提高4.72%、3.78%和6.08%、4.72%,生物产量与总荚数、总粒数、茎节数、株高呈负相关,但不显著。该研究为改善黑土耕层结构、降低农田化肥面源污染风险提供了科学依据。The treatments included chemical fertilizer(CK,blended fertilizer 200 kg hm-2),no fertilizer(WF,blended fertilizer 0 kg hm-2),fertilizer+synergist(HZ,CK+synergist 20 kg hm-2),straw+organic fertilizer+chemical fertilizer(JYH,straw 7500 kg hm-2+organic fertilizer 30000 kg hm-2+blended fertilizer 200 kg hm-2),straw+organic fertilizer+chemical fertilizer+synergist(JYHZ,JYH+synergist 20 kg hm-2).A field experiment was conducted to demonstrated that the effects of organic fertilizer,straw and chemical fertilizer combined with synergistic agent on the contents of soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen(N)and hydrolase activities in Black soil.The results show:(1)soil moisture content(SMC)0-20 cm soil depth had no significant difference among the treatments,while the SMC was Soybean seedling(VE)persistent drought,under conditions of continuous rainfall branching stage(V6).JYH and JYHZ treatments was significantly higher at 0-20 cm soil depth soil moisture content.R2 to R8,SMC 0-20 cm soil depth in the WF and HZ treatments was significantly higher than JYH and JYHZ treatments.straw,organic manure obvious disadvantage in maintaining topsoil moisture.(2)During the early growth stage of soybean(VE,V6,R2),the contents of NH4+-N in the CK,WF and HZ treatments was significantly higher than in the JYH and JYHZ treatments.R8 period,JYH,JYHZ was significantly higher than other treatments.To R8 of VE,organic fertilizer and straw significantly was significantly higher the content of soil nitrate N(NO3--N).synergist reduced the content of soil NH4+-N.(3)V6 period,The soil urease activities at the 0-40 cm depth were significantly higher in the JYH and JYHZ treatments than in the CK,WF and HZ treatments.Synergist significantly increased the soil urease activities at Soybean branching stage,increasing Nitrogen Utilization efficiency.Synergistsignificantly increased the soil sucraseactivities at Seed filling and maturity stage;the application of organic fertilizer and straw treatments significantly increased the soil sucraseactivities.(4)JY

关 键 词：化肥增效剂 无机氮 水解酶 黑土 大豆 产量 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]