减氮配合增效剂和缓释肥对玉米田土壤温室气体排放和产量的影响  

Effects of Reduction of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Synergist and SlowRelease Fertilizeron Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yield in Corn Field

作　　者：孙磊[1] 王丽华 高中超[1] 佟玉欣[1] 张磊[1] 常本超[1] 王爽[1] 郝小雨[1] SUN Lei;WANG Li-hua;GAO Zhong-chao;TONG Yu-xin;ZHANG Lei;CHANG Ben-chao;WANG Shuang;HAO Xiao-yu(Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource Institute,Heilongjiang Agricultural Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《土壤通报》2020年第1期185-194,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0201803);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划重大项目(GA17B001)资助。

摘　　要：为了明确适宜的氮肥管理措施、减少旱地黑土温室气体排放和提高氮肥利用率,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了减氮配合施用肥料增效剂和缓释常量氮肥对玉米田温室气体排放、产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果显示,增效70%常量氮肥的平均N2O排放通量显著低于常量施肥;各试验处理均比常量施肥的平均CO2排放通量低;增效70%常量氮肥表现为吸收CH4,增效70%常量氮肥和增效常量氮肥较常量施肥和缓释常量氮肥处理明显降低N2O排放系数、全球变暖潜能值和温室气体排放强度。增效常量氮肥较常量施肥处理增产2.5%,70%常量氮肥、增效70%常量氮肥和缓释常量氮肥分别较常量施肥处理减产7.23%、4.53%和5.87%。缓释常量氮肥处理氮肥表观利用率最高,达36.70%,增效70%常量氮肥处理的氮肥表观利用率27.28%,均明显高于常量施肥。在本实验条件下,减氮30%并添加氮定NMAX肥料增效剂在保证玉米产量的同时,减少温室气体排放效果优于其他施肥措施,适合推广使用。Appropriate nitrogen(N)fertilizer management is put forward in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase N fertilizer use efficiency in corn field.The effects of reduction of N fertilizer combined with synergist and slow release fertilizer on greenhouse gases emissions,corn yield and N fertilizer use efficiency were investigated by using the static chamber-gas chromatograph method.The results showed that the N2O emission of traditional fertilization(N)was obviously higher than 0.7N+C.The CO2 emission of N+C,0.7N,0.7N+C,SRN were lower than N.0.7N+C treatment showed the absorption of CH4.Emission efficiency(EF),global warming potential(GWP)and greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI)of 0.7N+C and N+C were obviously lower than N and SRN.Compared with N treatment,the yield was increased by 2.5%in N+C,and decreased by 7.23%,4.53%and 5.87%in 0.7N,0.7N+C and SNR,respectively.The N fertilizer use efficiency was 36.70%and 27.28%of SRN and 0.7N+C,respectively,and was higher than N.Treatment of 0.7N+C maintained the stable yield of corn and reduced greenhouse gas emission compared with the other fertilization treatments.Application of 0.7N combined with synergist could be used as an appropriate practice for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥 肥料增效剂 缓释常量氮肥 温室气体 产量 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]