江西省近50年霾天气时空分布特征及成因分析  

Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Haze and Its Forming Reason in Jiangxi Province During the Past 50 Years

作　　者：蒋璐君 刘熙明 张弛 JIANG Lujun;LIU Ximing;ZHANG Chi(Jiangxi Institute of Meteorological Science,Nanchang 330096;Jiangxi Meteorological Observatory,Nanchang 330096)

机构地区：[1]江西省气象科学研究所,南昌330096 [2]江西省气象台,南昌330096

出　　处：《气象》2020年第5期695-704,共10页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41265003和41765001);江西省科技计划项目(20151BBG70045)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用1964-2013年江西省83个站逐日霾观测资料,运用线性倾向估计等统计方法,分析江西省近50年霾时空变化特征及其与气候要素的关系。结果表明:江西霾日数呈赣中北部多、赣南少的特点,赣中的萍乡-宜春-抚州-上饶一带以及赣北北部的九江中部、景德镇北部地区是霾天气多发区,年均霾日数在30 d·a^-1以上。冬季霾日数最多,萍乡-宜春-鹰潭地区中北部、南昌-九江的中部以及上饶东部地区超过20 d·a^-1,春季和秋季次之,夏季最少。12月是霾日数最多的月份,接近全年霾日数的2成。江西省霾日数呈年际增长的趋势,增长率为11 d·(10 a)^-1,气候趋势系数为0.78,通过0.01的显著性水平检验。霾日数与平均风速和大风日数均呈负相关,而与静风日数呈正相关。近50年平均风速和大风日数呈下降趋势,静风日数呈上升趋势,这可能导致空气中污染物不易扩散而形成更多的霾天气。江西省降水日数呈减少趋势[-6.3 d·(10a)^-1],气温呈增暖趋势[0.15℃·(10a)^-1],霾日数与气温和降水日数分别呈正、负相关。The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of haze and the climatic background were analyzed by using the daily haze abservations from 83 meteorological stations from 1964 to 2013 and the statistical method of linear regression.The results showed that haze days are significantly more in central and northern Jiangxi than in southern Jiangxi.The annual haze days more than 30 d appear in central Jiangxi,including Pingxiang,Yichun,Fuzhou and Shangrao,and also in northern Jiangxi,including central Jiujiang and northern Jingdezhen.The haze days are maximum in winter,followed by autumn and spring,and the minimum in summer.The central and northern parts of Pingxiang,Yichun and Yingtan and the central part of Nanchang and Jiujiang as well as the eastern part of Shangrao have more than 20 haze days per year.The haze days are the most in December,nearly 20%of annual haze days.The haze days in Jiangxi Province present a significant increasing trend with the increase rate 11 d per decade from 1964 to 2013 and the climatic trend coefficient is 0.78,which has passed the significance test at 0.01 level.The correlation coefficient between the haze days and the mean wind speed and strong wind days is negative,but is positive between haze days and calm days in Jiangxi.In the past 50 years,the annual averaged wind days and stong wind days show a downward trend,while the calm days show an upward trend,which may cause the accumulation of pollutants in the air to form more haze weather.The correlation coefficient between haze days and precipitation days is mainly negative and the precipitation days show a decreasing trend in Jiangxi,with the rate of around-6.3 d·(10 a)^-1.The correlation coefficient between haze days and temperature is positive and the temperature shows an increasing trend in Jiangxi,with the rate of around 0.15℃·(10 a)^-1.

关 键 词：江西 霾 年际变化 统计分析 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P49