新疆地区某规模化牛场荷斯坦牛发病情况分析  

Analysis on the Incidence of Holstein Cattle in a Large-scale Farm in Xinjiang

作　　者：赵俊亮[1] 赵番番 马砚军 李琰[1] 葛建军[1] 姜徽 桑扎根 王丹[2] 胥磊 黄锡霞[1] ZHAO Jun-liang;ZHAO Fan-fan;MA Yan-jun;LI Yan;GE Jian-jun;JIANG Hui;SANG Zha-gen;WANG Dan;XU Lei;HUANG Xi-xia(Xinjiang Hutubi Cattle Farm,Changji 831203;College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆呼图壁种牛场,昌吉831100 [2]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2020年第4期25-29,共5页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目(201230116-7);现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-36)。

摘　　要：本文旨在分析新疆地区荷斯坦牛的发病情况,明确新疆地区荷斯坦牛的健康现状及主要的发病类型。通过对新疆地区某规模化牛场2015~2019年的荷斯坦牛兽医事件进行统计,分析各个疾病类型在不同年份、季节、胎次和年龄的发病情况。结果表明:乳房类疾病的发病率最高,占所有患病牛的35%,其次是繁殖类疾病、消化类疾病、肢蹄类疾病、呼吸类疾病和其他类疾病,分别占所有患病牛的27%、23%、6%、5%和4%;随着年份的增加,总发病头次数总体呈下降的趋势,乳房类和繁殖类高发于其他各类疾病;根据季节的不同,乳房类疾病发病占比在四季中为各类疾病之首,繁殖类疾病秋、冬季发病占比高;各胎次中,1胎、6胎发病头次数较高,乳房类疾病为各胎次发病占比数之首;随着母牛年龄的增加,乳房类疾病在3~7岁均高发其他各类疾病。本研究为掌握牧场奶牛疾病发生类型和发病情况提供理论依据,为控制牧场奶牛患病提供技术支持。The purpose of this paper was to analyze the incidence of Holstein cattle in Xinjiang and to clarify the health status and main types.Based on the statistics of Holstein cattle veterinary events in a large-scale cattle farm in Xinjiang from 2015 to 2019,the incidence of each disease type in different years,seasons,birthtimes and ages were analyzed.The results showed that breast diseases had the highest incidence,accounting for 35%of all sick cattle,followed by reproductive diseases,digestive diseases,foot-and-limb diseases,respiratory diseases and other diseases,accounting for 27%,23%,6%,5%and 4%of all sick cattle,respectively.According to the seasons,breast diseases account for the first of all diseases in the four seasons,while reproductive diseases account for the highest proportion in autumn and winter;among the 3~7 years old cows,breast diseases account for the highest number of other diseases.This study provides a theoretical basis for mastering the occurrence type and incidence of dairy cow disease,and provides technical support for controlling the disease of dairy cows in pasture.

关 键 词：季节 胎次 年龄 发病情况 荷斯坦牛 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]