一战后日本的统制经济思潮及其初期实践  

The Deliberations on Japan’s Controlled Economy after World War Ⅰ and Its Practices

作　　者：杨栋梁[1] 文阡箫 Yang Dongliang;Wen Qianxiao

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,天津300071 [2]南开大学日本研究院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期183-192,共10页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(17JJD770010)。

摘　　要：在第一次世界大战结束至1937年全面侵华的“战争间隔期”,日本经济为内政外交的双重困境所束缚。内政方面,经济危机频发引起社会动荡,“修正”无序竞争的市场经济病成为普遍的社会诉求;外交方面,一战结束后与美英强国的矛盾加深,统治当局痛感加快发展重化学工业方为增强国力、提高国际地位的有效途径。由是,统制经济思潮泛起,商工省主导了重要产业统制立法,军部操纵了满洲统制经济试验,从而通过“战争间隔期”先行先试的实践,在统制经济的制度设计、组织人事安排、手段方法配置等各个层面,为日本全面侵华后正式推行战时统制经济提供了基础,并对战后日本式经济体制的形成和运行产生了深远影响。During the interwar period between the end of World War Ⅰ and the war of Japanese aggression against China in 1937, the Japanese economy was troubled by both her internal politics and foreign affairs. In terms of the internal politics, frequent economic crises led to bouts of social unrest, and there was a universal voice in the society to call for reassessing the disorderly competition in the market economy. In terms of the foreign affairs, Japan’s conflicts with the United States and Great Britain had also intensified after World War Ⅰ. The government recognized that boosting the development of the heavy and chemical industries was an effective way for the improvement of national power and international status. Thus, the deliberations on Japan’s controlled economy emerged. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry dominated the legislative agenda of key controlled industries while the Ministry of Military Affairs manipulated the controlled economic experiment in the puppet state of Manchuria. These kinds of experiments in the interwar period had provided the basis for the formal implementation of wartime economic control after the start of the war of Japanese aggression against China in 1937, and had a profound impact on the formation and operation of the post-war Japanese-style economic system.

关 键 词：“战争间隔期” 统制经济 重要产业统制政策 满洲统制经济试验 

分 类 号：K313.45[历史地理—历史学] F131.3[历史地理—世界史]