论香港特区关于提请人大释法的司法主体问题  

On the Issue of Which Court(s) in the Hong Kong SAR Shall Seek Interpretation of Relevant Provisions of Basic Law from the Standing Committee of National People’s Congress

作　　者：张明 Zhang Ming

机构地区：[1]紫荆学院

出　　处：《港澳研究》2020年第2期47-61,95,共16页Hong Kong and Macao Journal

摘　　要：香港特别行政区哪些司法机关在审理案件中遇到自治范围外的条文争议时,应当提请全国人大常委会解释基本法?基本法第158条第3款规定,提请人大释法的司法主体是特别行政区法院;而根据1999年"吴嘉玲案"的终审判决,提请人大释法的司法主体只能是终审法院。通过字面解释、归谬解释和比较解释等法律解释方法,可以看出香港特区上述判例法的规定是错误的,其不但不符合基本法的立法原意,在法理上和实践中也会带来一系列问题隐患。基本法第158条第3款设立的提请释法制度,参考了欧盟的预先裁决制度,但针对香港回归的实际情况、按照"一国两制"方针原则进行了创造性转化,体现了立法者的深意和远见。正确理解和全面落实基本法关于人大释法的相关规定,对于完善全国人大常委会对基本法的解释制度、严格依照宪法和基本法管治特别行政区,对于坚持和完善"一国两制"制度体系,意义重大。When adjudicating cases, Hong Kong courts may have to deal with legal controversies concerning Basic Law provisions that go beyond the scope of autonomy. In such a scenario, which court(or courts) shall seek an interpretation from the National People’s Congress’ Standing Committee(NPCSC)? Article 158(3) of the Basic Law provides that the courts of the Region perform such responsibility,yet the final judgment of Ng Ka Ling case in 1999 made it clear that only the Court of Final Appeal would seek such interpretations. By means of literal interpretation, fallacious interpretation and comparative interpretation, this paper points out the fallacies of Ng Ka Ling’s case in understanding this provision: The interpretation not only gets away from the legislative intention of the Basic Law, but also causes a series of problems in jurisprudence and practice. The interpretation-seeking mechanisms as established in Article 158(3) were inspired by and modeled on Preliminary Ruling in the Europe Union law, though with creative adaption to suit the"One country, Two systems"principle and the reality of Hong Kong upon its return to the motherland, reflecting the deliberateness and long-term vision of Basic Law drafters. Accurate understanding and all-round implementation of those provisions on interpretation-seeking are of great significance for the improvement of the NPCSC’s interpretation system of the Basic Law, the governance of the SAR based on the Constitution and Basic Law, and the adherence to and improvement of the"One country, Two systems"policy.

关 键 词：司法提请 终审法院 人大释法 吴嘉玲案 预先裁决 

分 类 号：D921.9[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]