论嘉庆朝的遣犯改发  

The Adjustment of Criminal Exile Areas During the Jiaqing Reign

作　　者：尹子玉 YIN Ziyu(School of Law,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《清史研究》2020年第3期77-91,共15页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：自发遣刑创设起,遣犯配所经不断调整,逐渐产生了外遣东北、西北与发往内地相结合的格局。嘉庆朝的遣犯改发呈现出了与以往不同的特征。缓解管理压力的需求成为此时期改发遣犯的直接动力和主导因素,以新疆、内地为主要配所的新格局形成,东北作为外遣配所的功能大幅下降。此调整虽可维护东北秩序,却加重了新疆和内地的管理压力,也为发遣制度乃至清代流放体系的衰落埋下伏笔。这背后可能隐含着发遣制度瓶颈及其影响在嘉庆朝的扩大化问题。After the establishment of the exile to the frontier,the exile areas for criminals was adjusted continuously and a pattern of exile was gradually formed,which was sending the criminals to the northeast,northwest and interior areas.The change of the exile areas during the Jiaqing period showed different characteristics from the past.The demand to relieve the pressure of management problem became the direct motivation and leading factor for the change.A new exile pattern focusing on Xinjiang and the interior areas was formed,and the function of the northeast region declined significantly.During this period,although the adjustment maintained the social order in the northeastern region,it increased the management pressure in Xinjiang and the interior areas.It also carried a foreshadowing of the decline of the exile system in the Qing dynasty.The institutional bottleneck of the exile to the frontier and the increase of the influence in the Jiaqing dynasty may have existed behind it.

关 键 词：嘉庆朝 发遣 遣犯 制度瓶颈 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]