汽车制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患与工作组织因素的相关性研究  

Correlation between work-related musculoskeletal disorders and work organization factors in automobile workers

作　　者：杨凤[1] 丁文彬[1] 郭薇薇[1] 贾宁[2] 尹艳[1] 王忠旭[2] YANG Feng;DING Wen-bin;GUO Wei-wei;JIA Ning;YIN Yan;WANG Zhong-xu(Department of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制科,上海200336 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业防护与工效学研究室

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2020年第2期104-109,共6页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(项目编号:131031109000150003)。

摘　　要：目的调查汽车制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)发生情况及其工作组织影响因素。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经修订的《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》和中文版《工作付出-回报失衡(ERI)量表问卷》,对某汽车制造厂554名工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患患病与工作组织以及社会心理情况进行调查。结果该厂工人WMSDs发生率为661%;不同部位的发生率为114%~395%,其中前四位的依次为颈部(395%)、下背部(348%)、肩部(347%)和踝/足部(339%)。控制潜在混杂因素后发现,休息时间充足(OR=043)、自主选择工作间休息(OR=047)和与同事轮流完成工作(OR=058)是下背部WMSDs的保护因素;每天工作时长(加班)(OR=265)和工作涉及寒冷/凉风或气温变化(OR=177)是下背部WMSDs的危险因素;工间休息时间充足(OR=039)和休息次数(OR=05)是踝/足部WMSDs的保护因素;人员短缺(OR=159)和工作每天重复(OR=287)是肩部WMSDs的危险因素。结论汽车制造工人WMSDs的发生率较高,工作组织因素可能对工人WMSDs产生一定的影响。Objective To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)and its work organization factors in automobile workersMethods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using revised musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire and Chinese version effort-reward imbalance(C-ERI)to investigate the incidence ofChisquare test and Logistic regression models were used as well to analyze the work organization risk factors of WMSDsResults 1%,the incidence rates of different parts 5%),low back(349%).It was found that after adjusting the potential confounding factors,enough rest time(OR=043),can decide when to rest(OR=047)and work with colleagues in turn(OR=058)were protective factors for WMSDs in low back;frequent overtime work(OR=265)and the work involved cold/cool wind or temperature changes(OR=177)were risk factors of WMSDs in low back;sufficient rest time(OR=039)and enough breaks(OR=05)were protective factors for WMSDs in ankle/foot;while shortage of personnel(OR=159)and the same work every day(OR=287)were risk factors of WMSDs in shoulders.Conclusion The results suggested that the incidence rate of WMSDs in automobile workers is at a high level and the work organization seems to play a role for prevalence of WMSDs in neck,shoulder,low back and ankle/foot.

关 键 词：职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 工作组织 危险因素 汽车制造 

分 类 号：R68[医药卫生—骨科学]