Assessing ecological and physiological costs of melanism in North American Papilio glaucus females: two decades of dark morph frequency declines  

作　　者：J.Mark Scriber 

机构地区：[1]Department of Entomology,Michigan State University,East Lansing,Michigan,USA [2]McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity,Florida Museum of Natural History,University of Florida,Gainesville,Florida,USA

出　　处：《Insect Science》2020年第3期583-612,共30页昆虫科学（英文版）

基　　金：This research was supported in part by the College of Natural Science and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station(Project#1644);the National Science Foundation(DEB 9201122,DEB 9981608,DEB-0716683,and DEB 0918879)。

摘　　要：Polymorphisms for melanic form of insects may provide various selective advantages.However,melanic alleles may have significant/subtle pleiotrophic“costs.”Several potential pleiotrophic effects of the W(=Y)‐linked melanism gene in Papilio glaucus L.(Lepidoptera)showed no costs for melanic versus yellow in adult size,oviposition preferences,fecundity,egg viability,larval survival/growth rates,cold stress tolerance,or postdiapause emergence times.Sexual selection(males choosing yellow rather than mimetic dark females)had been suggested to provide a balanced polymorphism in P.glaucus,but spermatophore counts in wild females and direct field tethering studies of size‐matched pairs of virgin females(dark and yellow),show that male preferences are random or frequency‐dependent from Florida to Michigan,providing no yellow counter‐advantages.Recent frequency declines of dark(melanic/mimetic)females in P.glaucus populations are shown in several major populations from Florida(27.3°N latitude)to Ohio(38.5°N).Summer temperatures have increased significantly at all these locations during this time(1999–2018),but whether dark morphs may be more vulnerable(in any stage)to such climate warming remains to be determined.Additional potential reasons for the frequency declines in mimetic females are discussed:(i)genetic introgression of Z‐linked melanism suppressor genes from P.canadensis(R&J)and the hybrid species,P.appalachiensis(Pavulaan&Wright),(ii)differential developmental incompatibilities,or Haldane effects,known to occur in hybrids,(iii)selection against intermediately melanic(“dusty”)females(with the W‐linked melanic gene,b+)which higher temperatures can cause.

关 键 词：climate warming ecology of melanism incomplete mimicry pleiotrophic costs 

分 类 号：Q96[生物学—昆虫学]