2017-2018年武威市流感和禽流感监测分析  

Analysis of influenza and avian influenza in Wuwei from 2017 to 2018

作　　者：张宏山[1] ZHANG Hong-shan(Wuwei Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuwei,Gansu 733000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省武威市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治科,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2020年第2期44-47,共4页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的掌握2017-2018年甘肃省武威市流行性感冒(流感)和禽流感的流行病学特征和病原学监测数据,为及时发现禽流感疫情并防治人流感疫情提供科学依据。方法收集2017-2018年武威市人民医院流感样病例及其病原学监测数据、流感样病例暴发疫情、不同场所禽流感资料等,采用SPSS 20.0统计描述和分析数据。结果2017年检测哨点医院流感样病例样本511份,阳性检出率19.76%,以B型为主、检出率14.68%;2018年检测658份,阳性检出率15.50%,以季节性H3为主、检出率7.45%;共检测职业暴露人群血清标本228份、均为阴性,不同类型的环境标本中均可检出阳性标本,检出率H9型39.55%,H5型1.29%;2018年活禽交易市场中的职业暴露人群暂未发现人感染禽流感病毒,活禽市场存在H9和H5型禽流感。结论禽流感的流行规律具有一定的季节性,每年10月-次年3月一般为季节性流感的发病高峰,符合流感的发病规律,清洗禽类的污水、宰杀禽肉案板表面阳性检出率可作为外环境监测的敏感指标;应进一步加强流感和禽流感病原学监测工作,加强活禽市场的科学管理,对流感和禽流感防控工作具有重要意义。Objective To master the epidemiological characteristics and etiological surveillance data of influenza and avian influenza in Wuwei city from 2017 to 2018,so as to provide scientific basis for finding avian influenza epidemic and preventing influenza in human.Methods The surveillance material of influenza-like cases in Wuwei hospital,the surveillance data of etiology,outbreak of influenza-like cases and the avian influenza in different environment from 2017 to2018 were collected,and statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0.Results In 2017,511 samples of influenza-like cases from sentinel hospitals were tested,with a positive detection rate of 19.76%.B type was the dominant,with the detection rate of14.68%.A total of 658 samples were detected in 2018,with the positive detection rate of 15.50%.Seasonal H3 was the dominant,with the detection rate of 7.45%.Totally 228 serum samples from the occupational exposure population were tested with negative results.The samples of different types collected from environment were detected of positive results,with the detection rates of type H9 of 39.55%and H5 of 1.29%.In 2018,no human infection with avian influenza virus was detected in the occupational exposure people in the live poultry trading market,while H9 and H5 avian influenza viruses were found in the live poultry market.Conclusions The epidemic feature of avian influenza virus is of certain seasonality,with the onset peak of seasonal influenza from October in the year to March in the next year,that accords with the law of influenza.The positive detection rate of waste water of cleaning poultry and the chopping board for butchering or placing poultry meat can be taken as the sensitive indicators for external environmental surveillance.It is of important significance for prevention and control of influenza and avian influenza to strengthen etiological surveillance of influenza,avian influenza and the scientific management of poultry market.

关 键 词：流行性感冒(流感) 禽流感 病毒分离 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学] R512.99[医药卫生—临床医学]