中国制造业出口工资溢价的异质性分析--来自企业微观数据的实证研究  

Heterogeneity of Export Wage Premium in Chinese Manufacturing Sector——A empirical research from micro data of enterprises

作　　者：胡国恒[1] 闫雪培 Hu Guoheng;Yan Xuepei(Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学商学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期47-53,共7页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：河南省高校哲学社会科学应用研究重大项目(2017-YYZD-05);河南省高校哲学社会科学优秀学者专项(2015-YXXZ-07)。

摘　　要：基于2000-2013年中国海关贸易数据库与中国工业企业数据库的匹配数据,运用面板固定效应模型分析制造业企业出口向工资溢价的传递过程,从出口主体、出口方式和目的国三方面考察出口异质性对工资溢价的差异影响。研究结果表明,中国制造业出口总体上存在工资溢价效应,但其强弱程度取决于企业出口的本国附加值比例和单位附加值出口的盈利水平。一般贸易出口具备较高的本土附加值,其工资溢价效应显著强于加工贸易出口;对OECD国家的出口具有较高的出口质量和盈利水平,其工资溢价效应明显强于对其他国家的出口;与国有企业相比,市场化程度较高的外资和民营企业出口能显著提升其工资溢价水平。为促进贸易高质量发展,应全面提高制造业出口的本地附加值和出口质量,形成"高工资溢价-高创新激励-高附加值出口"的良性循环。Based on the matching data of China Customs Trade Database and China Industrial Enterprise Database from 2000 to 2013,this paper uses panel fixed effect method to analyze the transmission process of the export to wage premium by manufacturing firms,and to examine the different effects of export heterogeneity on wage premium from the aspects of export firm,export mode and destination country.The research shows that China's manufacturing exports have a wage premium effect in general,but the strength of the effect depends on the proportion of domestic value added and the profit level of unit value-added in firms’exports.The general trade exports with higher local added value have higher wage premium effect than that of processing exports.The wage premium effect of exports to OECD countries is significantly stronger than that of exports to other countries for the higher export quality and profit level.Compared with state-owned enterprises,the exports of foreign and private firms with higher degree of marketization can significantly improve their wage premium level.In order to promote the development of high-quality trade,manufacturing export firms should comprehensively improve the local added value and export quality,and form a virtuous circle of“higher wage premium-higher innovation incentive-higher value-added export”.

关 键 词：出口异质性 工资溢价 相对工资 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易]