在“破坏”与“建设”之间--论1919-1949年冰心作品中的女性及其女性观  

Between“Destruction”and“Construction”——Female and feminism in Bing Xin’s works from 1919 to 1949

作　　者：童宛村 Tong Wancun(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言文学系,北京100871

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期123-129,共7页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：1919-1949年是冰心写作的重要时段,作为在女性解放思潮中成长起来的中国第一代现代文学女作家,冰心这一时期的作品不但塑造了大量的女性形象,其作品主题也不乏对当时社会女性问题的思考。冰心对女学生、知识女性等女性群体婚恋、家庭的关注以及她所塑造的被称为是"新贤妻良母主义"的新女性神话,体现出在"破坏"与"建设"之间摇摆的"五四"时代,女性现代化议题与民族国家救亡运动之间的复杂关系。冰心一方面珍视晚清至"五四"以来女性来之不易的解放进程,鼓励女性走向社会建设之路,另一方面,她又对"五四"运动带来的个人主义思潮和全盘西化的倾向有所反思,进而从民族国家建设的角度重新肯定女性作为"妻""母"的家庭价值,塑造了一批既具有传统温柔贤淑美德,又能够自尊自立的新女性形象。但进入二十世纪三十年代后,在推崇中国女性家庭责任与传统美德的同时,冰心也体认到"新女性"个体意识被压抑和牺牲的具体生存困境,进而开始倡导男女平等的家庭理念,并警惕将中国传统女性特质物化和固化的西方眼光,从而充实和丰富了她的女性观。1919-1949 was an important period for Bing Xin’s writing.As one of the first generation of modern Chinese female writers who grew up in the trend of women’s liberation,Bing Xin’s works in this period not only shaped a large number of women’s images,but also broadened the thinking about women’s issues at the time.Bing Xin’s concerns to marriage,family and other female groups such as female students and intellectual women,as well as“the new female myth”that she called“new wise wife and beloved mother”,reflects the swing between“destruction”and“construction”in the May Fourth Movement era and the complex relationship between the issue of women’s modernization and the nation-state salvation movement.On the one hand,Bing Xin cherished the hard-won liberation process of women since the late Qing Dynasty to the May Fourth Movement,and encouraged women to move towards social construction.On the other hand,she also reflected the trend of individualism and the tendency of total westernization brought by the May Fourth Movement,and then reaffirmed the family value of women as“wife”and“mother”from the perspective of nation-state construction,and shaped a group of new female images that have traditional gentleness,virtue,and self-esteem.However,after entering the 1930s,while valuing Chinese women’s family responsibilities and traditional virtues,Bing Xin also realized the specific survival dilemma of the new female’s individual consciousness being suppressed and sacrificed,and then began to advocate the family concept of equality between men and women.At the same time,she was alert to the western perspective of materializing and solidifying the traditional Chinese female traits,thereby enriching her feminine outlook.

关 键 词：冰心 新贤妻良母主义 家庭 女性解放 民族国家 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]