拓荒与万恶之源:财产权正当性论题的反思  

Path-Break and Radix Omnium Malorum:Reflection on the Legitimacy of Property Rights

作　　者：唐晓晴[1] Tong Io Cheng(Faculty of Law,University of Macao,Macao 999078)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学法学院,澳门999078

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2020年第6期21-29,36,155,156,共12页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：财产权正当性论题的基础是荒野的存在,人类社会的发展需要荒野,然荒野是无主之地,处法外之维。人口增长和社会生产活动的发展最终转化为对土地及其它资源的索取,欧洲历史上的拓荒运动引发了学者对财产权正当性论题的思辨交锋。追溯至罗马法,先占或者加工取得所有权是正当且符合自然理性的;在自然理性根据下,格劳秀斯和普芬多夫为代表的自然法学派将财产权正当性基础建立于推定所有人"同意";英国启蒙思想家洛克以物上附着"劳动"论证财产权的正当性,其财产权理论奠定了现代资本主义的理论基础。当代学者以私有财产权与激励机制之间的关系为视角论证财产私有的正当性。二十一世纪的财产建制,当考虑社会资源的紧缺,以及对人性的反思。The foundation of the legitimacy of property rights is the existence of wilderness.The development of human society demands wilderness,but the wilderness is no man’s land and in a dimension outside the law.The growth of population and the development of social production activities eventually turned into the request of land and other resources.The wilderness-exploit movement in European history caused scholars’dispute about the legitimacy of property rights.Back to Roman law,through occupatio or specificatio to obtain ownership is legitimate and consistent with ratio naturalis.Under the basis of ratio naturalis,Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf based the legitimacy of property rights on the presumed"agree"of all persons.The British enlightenment philosopher John Locke demonstrated the legitimacy of property rights with"labor",which attached to things.Locke’s Labor Theory of Property laid the theoretical foundation for Modern Capitalism.Contemporary scholars justified the legitimacy of private property by"the relationship of property rights and incentive mechanisms".The property mechanism of the 21st century should consider the shortage of social resources and to rethink human nature.

关 键 词：财产权 荒野 万恶之源 自然理性 劳动学说 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]