三门峡天鹅湖国家城市湿地公园大天鹅栖息地适宜性评价  

Assessment of Habitat Suitability for Whooper Swan in Sanmenxia Swan Lake National Urban Wetland Park

作　　者：杜博 吴渊[3] 刘亚东[3] 茹文东 李云峰 高如意 谢文燕 韩铁艳 宫兆宁[1,2] 洪剑明[3] DU Bo;WU Yuan;LIU Yadong;RU Wendong;LI Yunfeng;GAO Ruyi;XIE Wenyan;HAN Tieyan;GONG Zhaoning;HONG Jianming(College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;Resource,Environment and Geogaraphical Information System Key Laboratory of Beijing 100048;School of Life Sciences,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;Management Office of Sanmenxia Swan Lake National Wetland Park,Sanmenxia Henan 472000)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室,北京100048 [3]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100048 [4]三门峡市天鹅湖国家城市湿地公园管理处,河南三门峡472000

出　　处：《首都师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第3期45-51,共7页Journal of Capital Normal University：Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：近年来黄河中游人类活动日益增加,大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)的适宜越冬栖息地不断减少.三门峡天鹅湖国家城市湿地公园大天鹅种群密度较高,空间分布不尽合理,对大天鹅健康形成威胁,改善现有栖息地和寻找潜在的栖息地十分迫切.本文利用遥感和GIS技术进行适宜性分析,从影响大天鹅栖息地的食物、水源和周围生态环境3个方面选取7个环境变量,结合记录的大天鹅位点,构建最大熵模型,分析栖息地选择的主要环境变量及影响机制,并预测湿地公园内大天鹅适宜栖息地概率分布.结果显示:投食点距离、改进归一化水体指数(MNDWI)、道路距离和植被指数(NDVI)等4个环境变量为主要影响因素,投食点距离和NDVI值越大,大天鹅分布的概率越低;MNDWI和道路距离值越大,分布概率越高.参照联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)土地适宜性分级标准,将公园内大天鹅栖息地适宜性概率分布划分为5个等级,最适宜栖息地面积0.41 km^2,土地利用类型为坑塘水面.研究结果可用于天鹅湖内栖息地改造和在黄河中游寻找潜在越冬栖息地并开展湿地修复.大天鹅易于选择远离道路干扰的开阔水域作为越冬栖息地,冬季食物匮乏,前期可投食玉米引导大天鹅种群合理分布.In recent years,the human activities increase in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,and the suitable overwintering habitats of whooper swan(Cygnus cygnus)decrease.The population density of whooer swan is high and the spatial distribution is unreasonable in Sanmenxia Swan Lake National Urban Wetland Park.It is very urgent to improve the existing habitats and find some potential habitats.In this paper,remote sensing and GIS techniques are used to assess the habitat suitability of whooer swan,and seven environmental variables are selected from the aspects of food,water source and surrounding habitat.Combined with the recorded location of whooer swan,the Maxent model is constructed to analyze the main environmental variables and influence mechanism of habitat selection,and to predict the habitat probability of whooper swan in Sanmenxia Swan Lake National Urban Wetland Park.The results show that the four environmental variables of the distance to feeding point,MNDWI,distance to roads and NDVI are the main influencing factors.The distance to feeding point and NDVI value are larger,the habitat probability of whooer swan is lower,the MNDWI value and distance to roads are larger,and the habitat probability is higher.According to the standard of FAO land suitability classification,the habitat probability of whooer swan in Sanmenxia Swan Lake Nationl Urban Wetland Park is divided into five grades,the most suitable habitat area is 0.41 km^2,and the land use type is pond water surface.The results can be used for habitat reconstruction in Sanmenxia Swan Lake National Urban Wetland Park,and contribute to find potential habitats can be restored in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The whooer swan in Sanmenxia Swan Lake National Urban Wetland Park likes to choose the open water far from the road disturbance as the overwintering habitat.The food of whooer swan is scarce in winter,then the corn can be used to guide the reasonable distribution of the whooer swan.

关 键 词：越冬大天鹅 栖息地适宜性 遥感与GIS 最大熵模型 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]