GNSS三天线远海船舶姿态测量方法  

Method of GNSS three-antenna far-sea vessel attitude measurement

作　　者：卫进进 辛明真 石波[1] 刘会[1] 阳凡林[1,2] WEI Jinjin;XIN Mingzhen;SHI Bo;LIU Hui;YANG Fanlin(College of Geodesy and Geomatics,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Surveying and Mapping,Ministry of Nature Resources,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学测绘科学与工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]自然资源部海洋测绘重点实验室,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《导航定位学报》2020年第3期81-86,共6页Journal of Navigation and Positioning

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0501700,2016YFB0501705)。

摘　　要：针对海洋导航测姿中,远海无法采用岸边架设基准站的形式,导致全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)实时动态差分(RTK)高精度相对定位模式并不适用的问题,提出1种GNSS远海测姿方法:以GNSS三天线为基础,通过直接解法计算船体姿态信息,不需要提前测定基线长度,可直接对观测值求解,模型简单、计算量小;并采用动态参考站差分(MBD)与精密单点定位(PPP)进行GNSS三天线姿态计算;最后设计远海测姿实验,分别采用MBD、PPP,与Seapath 320高精度导航测姿系统进行对比分析。结果表明,MBD模式下的测姿精度明显优于PPP模式,且测姿精度稳定,是提高远海姿态观测可靠性的有效方法。Aiming at the problem that the GNSS-RTK high-precise relative positioning mode is not applicable because it is difficult to erect the base station on far-sea as the mode on the shore in the marine navigation attitude measurement,the paper proposed a far-sea attitude surveying method using GNSS:based on GNSS three antennas,the vessel attitude information was calculated by a direct solution,which could be used to directly solve the observed values with simple and little computation and no need to measure the baseline length in advance;and MBD and PPP were used to compute the attitude of GNSS three antennas;finally an experiment of far-sea attitude measurement was designed with the comparative analysis on the modes of MBD and PPP,taking the data of Seapath 320 high-precise attitude measurement system as reference.Results showed that the attitude measurement accuracy of MBD would be significantly higher than that of PPP with stable accuracy,indicating that MBD could be an effective method for improving the reliability of far-sea attitude measurement.

关 键 词：全球卫星导航系统 姿态测量 动态参考站差分 精密单点定位 定位误差 测姿精度 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]