区块链上与链下物之多重买卖的法律效力研究  

On the Legal Effect of Multiple Transactions of Things On and Off the Blockchain

作　　者：宋旭明[1] 崔静静 SONG Xu-ming;CUI Jing-jing(School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第2期77-88,共12页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“大数据时代金融隐私权保护法律问题研究”(15BFX113)。

摘　　要：区块链智能合约作为一种新兴的交易模式出现,对传统民法制度和理论提出了新的挑战。基于区块链智能合约的物之买卖合同,性质上属于民事合同。从买卖的法律结构上来看,区块链上动产或不动产买卖的交易过程中所经历的智能合约的发起、买方付款行为及密钥的自动交付,性质上分别属于要约、承诺兼履行行为及对待履行行为,各具债权行为或物权行为效力。在依托现行民法规定解决区块链上与链下物之多重买卖的法律效力问题时,应当结合对区块链智能合约行为的性质界定以及区块链上普通动产、特殊动产和不动产买卖合同在依约定转移所有权、标的物交付、付款义务履行、所有权变更登记、合同成立等各项权利保护顺位标准方面所具有的特征详加分析,以确定标的物所有权或买卖债权优先效力之归属。The emergence of blockchain smart contract as a new transaction mode challenges the traditional civil law system and theory.The purchase and sale contract of goods based on the blockchain smart contract belongs to civil contract in nature.From the perspective of the legal structure of the transaction,the initiation of smart contracts,the buyer’s payment behavior and the automatic delivery of key experienced in the transaction process of the purchase and sale of movable or real estate on the blockchain belong to the offer,acceptance and performance behavior and the behavior to be performed respectively in nature.Each of them has the effect of act of creditor’s right or act of real right.When we rely on the existing civil law to solve the legal effect problem of multiple transactions on and off the blockchain,we should combine the definition of the nature of the behavior of the blockchain smart contract,as well as the rights,delivery of the subject matter,performance of payment obligations,registration of ownership change,and establishment of the contract in the transaction contracts of ordinary,special and real estate on the blockchain.These characteristics should be analyzed in detail to determine the ownership of the subject matter or the priority effect of the trading creditor’s rights.

关 键 词：区块链 智能合约 多重买卖 优先效力 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]