北京市大兴区0~14岁小儿过敏性支气管哮喘流行病学特征及影响因素分析  

The epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of allergic bronchial asthma in children aged 0~14 years in Daxing district of Beijing

作　　者：刘亚昆[1] 杨颖[1] 苟旭蕾 张志伟[1] LIU Yakun;YANG Ying;GOU Xulei(Department of Pediatrics,Daxing Hospital for Maternal and Child Health,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市大兴区妇幼保健院儿科,102600

出　　处：《河北医药》2020年第11期1739-1742,共4页Hebei Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的调查分析北京市大兴区0~14岁小儿过敏性支气管哮喘流行病学特征及影响因素。方法于2017年5月至2018年5月整群抽样北京市大兴区30156例儿童,经诊断376例为过敏性支气管哮喘并设为观察组,另选取同期非过敏性支气管哮喘儿童95例为对照组,发放自制调查问卷,分析其流行病学特征及影响因素。结果30156例0~14岁儿童中有376例发生过敏性支气管哮喘,患病率为1.25%,学龄前儿童发病率较高,男性患儿发病率显著高于女性(P<0.05),以秋冬发病为主(78.13%),以午夜发作为主(44.68%),以流鼻涕为常见先兆症状(81.65%),以支气管舒张剂治疗为主(73.94%),治疗费用以1~3万元为主(44.95%);观察组反复呼吸道感染史、食物过敏、药物过敏、油漆接触史、被动吸烟接触史、油烟接触史、哮喘史均显著高于对照组,而母乳喂养显著低于对照组(P<0.05);反复呼吸道感染史、药物过敏、被动吸烟接触史是影响过敏性支气管哮喘发生主要危险因素,母乳喂养是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论北京市大兴区0~14岁儿童患过敏性支气管哮喘疾病率较高,应密切关注男童、秋冬季节及典型先兆症状,而反复呼吸道感染史、药物过敏、被动吸烟接触史作为影响疾病发生主要危险因素,则应及时采取针对性预防措施,降低疾病发生率。Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of allergic bronchial asthma in children aged 0~14 years in Daxing district of Beijing.Methods The cluster sampling method was used to select 30156 children in Daxing district of Beijing from May 2017 to May 2018,of whom,376 children were diagnosed as allergic bronchial asthma who were enrolled as observation group,at the same time,the other 95 children with non allergic bronchial asthma were enrolled as control group.The the self-made questionnaires were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors.Results Among the 30,156 children aged 0~14 years,there were 376 cases of allergic bronchial asthma,with the prevalence rate being 1.25%,the incidence rate of preschool children was higher,and the incidence in male children was significantly higher than that in female children(P<0.05).The incidence was mainly in autumn and winter(78.13%),with midnight attack was the main pathogenesis way(44.68%),and rhinorrhea was the common precursory symptoms(81.65%),bronchodilator therapy was the main treatment mode(73.94%),and the cost of treatment was mainly 10-30 thousand yuan(44.95%).Moreover the history of recurrent respiratory tract infection,food allergy,drug allergy,history of paint exposure,history of passive smoking exposure,history of smoke exposure,and history of asthma in observation group were significantly more common than those in control group,while breastfeeding was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).In addition the history of recurrent respiratory tract infection,drug allergy,and history of passive smoking exposure were the main risk factors for allergic bronchial asthma,however,breastfeeding was the protective factor(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of allergic bronchial asthma in the children aged 0~14 years in Daxing district of Beijing is higher,it should be paid much attention to the male children,autumn and winter,and typical precursory symptoms,and the history of recu

关 键 词：小儿 过敏性支气管哮喘 流行病学特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：R562.25[医药卫生—呼吸系统]