2015-2018年济南市农村地区饮用水氟化物含量时空特征分析  

Analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics of fluoride in drinking water in rural areas of Jinan City from 2015 to 2018

作　　者：彭秀苗[1] 曹萌 张瑛[1] 张扬[1] 单冰[1] 崔永学 崔亮亮[1] Peng Xiumiao;Cao Meng;Zhang Ying;Zhang Yang;Shan Bing;Cui Yongxue;Cui Liangliang(Institute of Environmental Health,Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan 250021,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心环境健康所,250021

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2020年第4期273-277,共5页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的了解济南市农村饮用水氟化物含量时空特征。方法2015-2018年,在枯水期和丰水期采集济南市7个涉农区(县)所有乡镇(街道)农村集中式供水的出厂水和末梢水,水样采集、保存、运输以及检测按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)进行。对水氟进行时间,地区,饮水型氟中毒流行区(章丘区、济阳区、商河县、历城区、长清区)与非流行区(平阴县、天桥区),水期类型(枯水期和丰水期),水样类型(出厂水和末梢水),水源类型(浅井水、深井水、江河水及水库水)的描述性分析。结果2015-2018年共采集水样1638份,水氟中位数为0.400 mg/L,范围为0.002~2.700 mg/L,不同年份水氟(0.400、0.430、0.490、0.360 mg/L)比较差异有统计学意义(H=33.907,P<0.01)。水氟总超标率为5.49%(90/1638),有3个区存在水氟超标情况,分别为济阳区[26.11%(59/226)]、章丘区[6.12%(30/490)]、历城区[0.53%(1/188)]。流行区(1398份)水氟中位数为0.420 mg/L,非流行区(240份)为0.320 mg/L,流行区水氟明显高于非流行区(Z=-6.490,P<0.01);流行区水氟超标率为6.44%(90/1398),非流行区无水氟超标情况。枯水期(819份)、丰水期(819份)水氟中位数均为0.400 mg/L。出厂水(392份)水氟中位数为0.320 mg/L,末梢水(1246份)为0.450 mg/L,末梢水水氟高于出厂水(Z=-6.881,P<0.01)。浅井水、深井水水氟超标率分别为31.76%(47/148)、3.82%(43/1126),江河水及水库水无水氟超标情况。结论济南市农村饮用水氟化物存在超标现象,水氟超标主要集中在济阳区。饮水型氟中毒流行区水氟高于非流行区,末梢水水氟高于出厂水,以浅井水和深井水为水源的饮用水存在水氟超标情况,应持续开展居民饮用水氟化物含量的普查和检测。Objective To understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of fluoride in rural drinking water in Jinan City.Methods From 2015 to 2018,the factory water and terminal water samples of centralized rural water supply system were collected from all townships(streets)in 7 agriculture-related districts(counties)in Jinan City during dry season and high water season.Water samples were collected,stored,transported and tested in accordance with the"Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water"(GB/T 5750-2006).The time,region,endemic areas(Zhangqiu,Jiyang,Shanghe,Licheng,Changqing)and non-endemic areas(Pingyin,Tianqiao)of drinking water type fluorosis,water periods(dry season and high water season),water samples(factory water and terminal water),water sources(shallow well water,deep well water,river water and reservoir water)of water fluorine were analyzed descriptively.Results A total of 1638 water samples were collected from 2015 to 2018,the median of water fluorine was 0.400 mg/L,ranging from 0.002 to 2.700 mg/L.The differences in water fluorine of different year(0.400,0.430,0.490,0.360 mg/L)were statistically significant(H=33.907,P<0.01).Total water fluorine excess rate was 5.49%(90/1638),there were 3 districts with water fluorine excess,namely Jiyang[26.11%(59/226)],Zhangqiu[6.12%(30/490)]and Licheng[0.53%(1/188)].The median of water fluorine in endemic areas(1398 samples)was 0.420 mg/L,the non-endemic areas(240 samples)was 0.320 mg/L,and the water fluorine in endemic areas was significantly higher than that in non-endemic areas(Z=-6.490,P<0.01).The water fluorine excess rate in endemic areas was 6.44%(90/1398),and there was no water fluorine excess in non-endemic areas.The median of water fluorine in both dry season(819 samples)and high water season(819 samples)was 0.400 mg/L.The median of water fluorine of factory water(392 samples)was 0.320 mg/L,the terminal water(1246 samples)was 0.450 mg/L,and the water fluorine of terminal water was significantly higher than that of factory water(Z=-6.881,P<0.01).The wat

关 键 词：饮用水 氟化物 农村 

分 类 号：R1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]