华北某基层部队43例劳力性热射病病例处置分析  

Disposal analysis of 43 cases of exertional heatstroke in a grass-roots unit in North China

作　　者：高东旗 刘旺 李宏 贾士栋 陈卉 梅洁 GAO Dongqi;LIU Wang;LI Hong;JIA Shidong;CHEN Hui;MEI Jie(Central Theater Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing100042,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中部战区疾病预防控制中心,北京100042 [2]32134部队卫生连

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2020年第6期519-521,526,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：军队“十二五”重点课题(BWS11J060)。

摘　　要：目的分析华北某基层部队劳力性热射病发生的危险因素、高危人群、易发时段,为降低热射病的发生率和死亡率提供预防措施。方法对某部2010年6月~2018年6月劳力性热射病病例的人间分布、空间分布、时间分布及训练强度进行回顾性分析。结果 8年内共发生劳力性热射病病例43例,军龄以0.5~2年为主,共31例,与其他军龄组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.91,P<0.01)。空间分布上,主要发生在寒区部队高温季节进驻沿海地区和移防温区后短期内进行5 km训练期间,共28例,发生率0.62%(28/4 494),与寒区5 km训练发生率0.11%(15/13 378)比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=34.49,P<0.01)。训练强度上,温区武装5 km与轻装5 km比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.61,P<0.01)。发生时间集中在5 km考核结束后10 min内,占72.09%(31/43),与其他时间段比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.94,P<0.01)。临床表现主要为高热和神志障碍,本级卫生机构救治28例,占65.11%,转送驻军医院或驻地医院15例,占34.89%。结论高温季节地域转换后5 km考核是劳力性热射病发生的危险因素,0.5~2年军龄是高危人群,5 km考核结束10 min内是高峰时段。Objective To analyze the risk factors,high-risk groups and vulnerable periods of exertional heatstroke in a grass-roots unit in North China,and to provide preventive measures for reducing the incidence and mortality of heatstroke.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the human distribution,spatial distribution,temporal distribution and training intensity of the exertional heatstroke cases in a certain unit from June 2010 to June 2018.Results A total of 43 cases of exertional heatstroke occurred in 8 years,with a total of 31 cases with a military age of 0.5~2 years.The difference was statistically significant compared with other military age groups(χ~2=6.91,P<0.01).In terms of spatial distribution,28 cases occurred during 5 km training in the coastal area during the high temperature season and in the short time after the troops moved to the temperature control area.The incidence rate was 0.62%(28/4 494),and compared with that of 0.11%(15/13 378) in the cold area during 5 km training,the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=34.49,P<0.01).In terms of training intensity,the difference between 5 km armed in warm zone and 5 km lightly armed was statistically significant(χ~2=8.61,P<0.01).The occurrence time was concentrated within 10 min after the 5 km test,accounting for 72.09%(31/43).The difference was statistically significant compared with other time periods(χ~2=13.94,P<0.01).The main clinical manifestations were high fever and disturbance of consciousness.28 cases(65.11%) were cured by the corresponding health institutions,and 15 cases(34.89%) were transferred to military hospitals or resident hospitals.Conclusion The 5 km assessment is the risk factor for the occurrence of exertional heatstroke after the regional transition in high temperature season.The military age of the first 0.5 to 2 years is the high-risk group,and the peak period is within 10 minutes after the 5 km assessment.

关 键 词：军事训练 劳力性热射病 急救 防治措施 处置分析 

分 类 号：R594.12[医药卫生—内科学]