经典的游戏性接受:以宋人对杜甫诗歌的戏仿为中心  

Playful Reception of Classics: On Parodization of Du Fu’s Poems in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：姚华[1] Yao Hua(the School of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2020年第2期112-120,共9页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“唐宋转型视野下宋诗谐戏写作的文化内涵研究”[项目编号:18CZW027]、国家社科基金重大招标项目“东亚唐诗学文献整理与研究”[项目编号:18ZDA248]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：相较西方文艺传统对"戏仿"理论的丰富论述与建构,中国传统文论对游戏性写作相对较为轻视。本文以宋人戏仿杜诗为例,尝试探讨古典诗歌写作中的戏仿现象及其在经典接受过程中的意义。伴随杜甫在宋代的经典化,宋代诗人戏仿杜诗的现象亦随之增多。杜诗作为经典文本所具有的知名性及公共性特征、作品的风格化及个性化,成为宋人戏仿杜诗的基础,并在戏仿行为中得到印证。苏轼《续丽人行》是杜诗接受史上值得关注的个案。苏轼故意违背"知人论世""以意逆志"等古典阐释学原则,对杜甫《丽人行》一诗进行"误读",并在续诗中对杜甫形象予以"重构"。对经典的戏仿与"嘲谑""讹语影带"等历史悠久的娱乐传统相关。娱乐需求转化了文本的功能,使经典在文学传承的谱系之外,拥有了民间文化、日常生活、社会舆论等更广泛领域内的生命力。Playful writings are relatively less researched on in Chinese literary criticism, compared with the more exuberant discussions such as the parody theory in the Western literary tradition. This paper takes as example the parodizations of Du Fu’s poems in the Song dynasty to explore the parodical writing and its implications in the reception of canonical poetry. As Du Fu’s poetry was canonized in the Song Dynasty, increasingly more parodies of Du Fu’s poems were seen. The popularity and publicity of Du Fu’s poetry prompted the parodization, while his unique style and textual features became the basis for parodies, both of which were reflected in the parodical writings. One notable case is Su Shi’s sequel to Du Fu’s "Ballad of Beautiful Ladies." By deliberately violating the principles of ancient hermeneutics, Su Shi purposely misread "The Ballad of Beautiful Ladies" to reconstruct the image of Du Fu in his sequel to Du Fu’s poem. The parodization of canonical writings such as Du Fu’s poems was interwoven with some traditional practices in folk entertainment such as the playful ridicules, insinuated mockery, etc. The functions of literary texts are transformed by entertainment needs, and the impact of canonical writings spreads beyond their traditional field of influence to such fields as folk culture, daily life, and social public opinions.

关 键 词：经典 戏仿 杜甫 宋诗 《续丽人行》 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]