语言学立场与诗歌审美的二元背违?——就叶维廉先生对《汉语诗律学》的批评与之商榷  

Does the Linguistic Position Contradict the Poetry Aesthetics?--On Mr.Ye Weilian’s Criticism of Chinese Versification

作　　者：谢思炜[1] XIE Si-wei(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学中文系,北京100084

出　　处：《河北学刊》2020年第3期101-107,共7页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2016年度国家社会科学基金项目“魏晋南北朝至唐代诗歌词语演变研究”(16BZW048);清华大学自主科研项目“句法学与汉语诗歌句法分析”(20165080098)。

摘　　要：王力在1950年代出版的《汉语诗律学》,是将现代语法学用于诗歌语法分析的开创之作。然而长期以来,这种语法分析是否适用于诗歌,也一直存在质疑。叶维廉认为,王著在分析诗句时是从纯知性、纯理性的逻辑出发,而把经验的真质解体了,用的基本上就是西方文法的架构,从而使中国诗句西方文法化,这就在语法的解释上有与之商榷之必要。在此基础上,他又进一步指出,汉语文言可以超脱英文那类定词性、定物位、定动向、属于分析性的指义元素而成句,并由此断言,中国古典诗里,利用未定位、未定关系或关系模棱的词法语法,使读者获致一种自由观、感、解读的空间,在物象与物象之间作若即若离的指义活动。叶维廉努力在汉语文法与诗歌审美表现之间建立联系,同时他对《汉语诗律学》的批评,也反映了早期汉语语法学主谓结构句法观在分析诗歌时的某些不足,但并未充分参考语言学对汉语自身特点的分析,从汉语是诗歌最好媒介的预设出发,未能谨慎区分语言问题与审美问题,因此也未能实现诗学与语言学的认真对话。Wang Li’s Chinese Versification,published in the 1950 s,is a pioneering work that applies modern grammar to the analysis of poetry grammar.According to Ye Weilian,Wang’s analysis of verses is based on the logic of pure knowledge and rationality,and disintegrates the true quality of experience.Ye Weilian tries to establish a connection between Chinese grammar and aesthetic expression of poetry,and at the same time,his criticism of Chinese Versification also reflects some shortcomings of the subject predicate structure of early Chinese grammar in the analysis of poetry.However,setting out from the presupposition that Chinese is the best medium of poetry,he does not fully refer to the analysis of the characteristics of Chinese language in linguistics,and fails to carefully distinguish between language problems and aesthetic problems,so he fails to achieve a serious dialogue between poetics and linguistics.

关 键 词：汉语语法 诗歌审美 叶维廉 《汉语诗律学》 

分 类 号：I226.7[文学—中国文学]