民国时期两广地区的疫病与防治  

Epidemic Diseases and Control in Guangdong and Guangxi during the Republic of China

作　　者：李华文[1] LI Huawen

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2020年第2期38-50,127,128,共15页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“民国政府赈务行政研究”(16BZS024);湖南省研究生科研创新项目“灾害救济与民众生计:民国时期华南社会生活研究(1912—1949)”(CX2018B260)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民国时期两广地区疫病流传频繁,可分为轻度、中度、重度三个年段,以20世纪40年代最为严重,主要集中在粤东、珠三角、粤西、琼北及琼东北、桂东北、桂东南、桂中等7个地区,广东疫情比广西严重。疫病类型近20种,以霍乱、鼠疫、天花、疟疾、流脑、痢疾、伤寒副伤寒等为主。面对疫情危机,政府承担起疫病防治的主要责任,措施以成规模的疫苗注射为主;民间慈善组织在施赠医药等方面有所作为;民众则求救于鬼神。民国两广地区的疫病防治工作不尽人意,直接原因是医药资源匮乏,根本原因是天灾人祸交织的社会环境。The epidemic diseases spread frequently in Guangdong and Guangxi during the Republic of China.It could be divided into three stages:mild,moderate and severe,with the most severe stage in 1940s,mainly concentrated in 7 regions,eastern Guangdong,Pearl River Delta region,western Guangdong,northern and northeast Hainan Island,northeast,southeast and central Guangxi.The epidemic in Guangdong is worse than in Guangxi.There were nearly 20 kinds of epidemic diseases,mainly cholera,plague,smallpox,malaria,meningitis,dysentery,typhoid and paratyphoid and so on.In the face of the epidemic crisis,the government had assumed the main responsibility for the prevention and control of epidemic diseases,and the measures were mainly mass vaccination.Civil charities had made a difference in giving medicine.General e often appealed to supernatural beings for help.The prevention and control of epidemic diseases in Guangdong and Guangzhou of the Republic of China was unsatisfactory.The immediate reason was the scarcity of medical resources.The fundamental reason was the social environment of natural and man-made disasters.

关 键 词：民国时期 两广地区 疫病 疫苗 药品 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学]