电化学提锂技术中电极材料和电极体系的研究进展  

Progress of electrode materials and electrode systems in electrochemical lithium extraction process

作　　者：郭志远 纪志永[1,2,3] 陈华艳 时雅滨[3,5] 张帆 赵颖颖[1,2,3] 刘杰 袁俊生 GUO Zhiyuan;JI Zhiyong;CHEN Huayan;SHI Yabin;ZHANG Fan;ZHAO Yingying;LIU Jie;YUAN Junsheng(National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China;Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China;Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology,Tianjin 300130,China;State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;Beijing Jiaotong University Haibin College,Huanghua 061199,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学化工学院/化工节能过程集成与资源利用国家-地方联合工程实验室,天津300130 [2]河北工业大学化工学院/海水资源高效利用化工技术教育部工程研究中心,天津300130 [3]河北省现代海洋化工技术协同创新中心,天津300130 [4]天津工业大学分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室,天津300387 [5]北京交通大学海滨学院,河北黄骅061199

出　　处：《化工进展》2020年第6期2294-2303,共10页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21978064,20806019);河北省自然科学基金(B2019202423,B2009000024);天津市自然科学基金(19JCYBJC20400,12JCQNJC03300);省部共建分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室(天津工业大学)开放课题(M2-201708)。

摘　　要：锂及其化合物具有广泛的应用前景,锂资源需求越来越大,因此,开发能实现高储量、低品位的(浓)海水/卤水锂资源高效提取的方法具有重要意义。近年来,电化学提锂技术因其高选择性、低能耗和环境友好等特点而成为研究热点。本文针对电化学提锂技术中锂吸附电极材料的选择/制备和电极体系构建两方面的研究进展进行了归纳分析。在锂吸附电极材料的选择/制备上,基于高锂离子选择性的LiFePO4、LiMn2O4和LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2电极被逐渐开发应用。在电极体系构建上,与具有阴离子可逆交换性能的AgCl、ZnCl2和聚吡咯对电极所构成的电极体系可避免副反应发生,能耗较低;不含其他对电极材料的“摇椅式”结构电极体系可降低电极成本,提高提锂效率。此外,指出了目前电化学提锂技术尚存在的不足,未来可从电极材料制备、提锂过程优化、装备设计三方面进行研究,以推进电化学提锂技术的发展与应用。Lithium and its derivatives have wide application prospects,leading to an increasing demand of lithium resource.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop a method that can extract lithium from(concentrated)seawater/brine with high reserves of low-grade lithium.In recent years,electrochemical lithium extraction technology has become a research focus due to its high selectivity,low energy consumption,and environmental friendliness.This paper reviewed the progress on the selection and preparation of electrode materials for lithium adsorption and the construction of electrode systems in electrochemical lithium extraction technology.In the selection and preparation of lithium adsorption electrode materials,LiFePO4,LiMn2O4 and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 with high lithium selectivity were developed gradually.In the construction of the electrode structure system,the system with counter electrode of AgCl,ZnCl2 and polypyrrole,which have the anion reversible exchange performance,can avoid side reactions and reduce energy consumption for lithium extraction.The“rocking chair”system without other counter electrode materials can reduce the cost of the electrode and improve the efficiency of lithium extraction.Furthermore,the current shortcomings of electrochemical lithium extraction technology were pointed out,and its development and application could be promoted by the researches on the electrode material preparation,lithium extraction process optimization and equipment design in future.

关 键 词：锂 电化学 电极材料 电极体系 选择性 分离 

分 类 号：TQ150.9[化学工程—电化学工业]