高温气体过滤技术及装备发展概况  

Overview of hot-gas filtration technology and equipment development

作　　者：姬忠礼[1,2] 栾鑫 苗林丰 JI Zhongli;LUAN Xin;MIAO Linfeng(College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京102249 [2]过程流体过滤与分离技术北京市重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《化工进展》2020年第6期2304-2311,共8页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0601103)。

摘　　要：随着洁净煤发电技术的发展及环保要求的提高,高温气固分离技术取得了重要的进展。本文阐述了在高温过滤材料方面,经过了早期的金属多孔材料、均质陶瓷多孔材料、纤维增强陶瓷复合材料、金属合金及金属间化合物多孔材料等四个阶段的探索,逐渐形成了陶瓷粉末、陶瓷纤维、金属粉末、金属纤维和金属丝网等多种高温气体过滤元件,催化与过滤复合元件近年来也逐渐得到工程应用。此外,在高温过滤元件表面粉尘层结构、脉冲反吹循环再生、高温过滤器结构设计及实时运行优化等方面都取得了重要的技术进展。目前,高温气体过滤技术及装备已在煤气化、催化裂化、冶金及垃圾焚烧处理等方面得到了广泛的应用,其适用的温度范围为260~650℃,压力范围从常压到6.0MPa,过滤效率达到了99.9%以上,可有效除净1μm以上的颗粒,净化后气体中的颗粒物含量低于5mg/m3。指出随着国家经济转型和环保排放要求的提高,高温气体过滤技术在产品质量升级、高温余热利用及颗粒物排放控制等领域具有更加广泛的应用前景。Owing to the development of clean coal power generation technology and the improvement of requirements for environmental protection,high-temperature gas-solid separation technology has made important progress.This paper explains in the aspect of high-temperature filter materials,after four periods of exploration,which includes early metal porous materials,homogeneous ceramic porous materials,fiber-reinforced ceramic composite materials,metal alloys and intermetallic compound porous materials,high-temperature gas filter elements in various forms have been gradually formed,such as ceramic powder,ceramic fiber,metal powder,metal fiber and wire mesh,meanwhile,the catalytic filter composite elements have also been gradually applied in engineering in recent years.Moreover,important technological advances have been achieved in the dust layer structure on the surface of high-temperature filter elements,pulse cleaning cycle regeneration,high-temperature filter structure design and real-time operation optimization.At present,hot-gas filtration technology and equipment have been extensively applied in coal gasification,catalytic cracking,metallurgy and waste incineration treatment.With the applicable temperature range of 260~650℃ and the pressure range from atmospheric pressure to 6.0MPa,the hot-gas filtration technology can effectively remove the particles with a size of more than 1μm,the filtration efficiency is more than 99.9%,and the content of the particles in the purified gas is less than 5mg/m3.It is pointed that with the national economic transformation and the improvement of requirements for environmental protection and emission,hot-gas filtration technology will have a wider application in the fields of product quality upgrading,high-temperature waste heat utilization and particulate matter emission control.

关 键 词：高温过滤器 气固分离 陶瓷过滤元件 金属过滤元件 工业应用 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]