生物质电厂废弃物草木灰成分分析及成形  

Component analysis and forming of waste-plant ash from biomass power plant

作　　者：梁星星 张永旺 王斌[3] 朱保宁[1] 曹辉[2] LIANG Xingxing;ZHANG Yongwang;WANG Bin;ZHU Baoning;CAO Hui(College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Qinhuangdao Bohai Biological Research Institute of Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学北京市生物加工过程重点实验室,北京100029 [3]北京化工大学秦皇岛环渤海生物产业研究院,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《化工进展》2020年第6期2487-2494,共8页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21865026);新疆生产建设兵团项目(2018BC005);河北省重点研发计划(18273401D);河北省创新能力提升计划(18952814D)。

摘　　要：生物质热电厂焚烧废弃物的主要成分是草木灰,其产生量大、密度小。大量草木灰不经处理会造成环境污染问题。本文首先分析草木灰的化学成分,确定草木灰的肥料特征,通过添加NH4H2PO4使草木灰的pH达到国家复合肥的相关标准。选用聚天冬氨酸(30%水溶液)作为复合肥的黏结剂,应用于草木灰复合肥的成形造粒,以增加其抗压强度和肥效。研究不同烘干时间、烘干温度、聚天冬氨酸添加量对草木灰复合肥抗压强度的影响规律,通过分析植物的形态及生理指标,进而研究草木灰复合肥的肥效。结果表明:最佳烘干条件为10h、140℃,聚天冬氨酸对草木灰的抗压强度有明显的增强作用,并且草木灰与聚天冬氨酸的复配比为6g∶1mL时肥效最好。此方法解决了元素循环中断、草木灰环境污染,在运输过程中草木灰复合肥易碎,纯草木灰肥效低等问题。The main component of incineration waste from biomass thermal power plants is plant ash,which has a large output and a small specific gravity.A large amount of ash without treatment will cause environmental pollution problems.The research firstly analyzed the chemical composition of plant ash,determined the fertilizer characteristics of plant ash,and added NH4H2PO4 to make the pH of plant ash reach the relevant national compound fertilizer standard.Polyaspartic acid(30% aqueous solution)was selected as the binder of the compound fertilizer and was applied to the molding and granulation of the plant ash compound fertilizer to increase its compressive strength and fertilizer efficiency.The effects of different drying time,drying temperature,and amount of polyaspartic acid on the compressive strength of plant ash compound fertilizer were studied.By analyzing the plant morphology and physiological indicators,the fertilizer efficiency of plant ash compound fertilizer was studied.The results showed that the optimum drying conditions were 10h and 140℃,polyaspartic acid significantly enhanced the compressive strength of plant ash,and the fertilizer effect was the best when the compound ratio of plant ash to polyaspartic acid was 6g∶1mL.This method solved the problems of interruption of element circulation,environmental pollution of plant ash,the fragility of plant ash compound fertilizer during transportation,and the low efficiency of pure plant ash fertilizer.

关 键 词：生物质 草木灰 聚天冬氨酸 成形 复合肥 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]