财政分权与经济结构失衡  

Fiscal Decentralization and China's Unbalanced Economic Structure

作　　者：王文甫[1] 王召卿 郭柃沂 WANG Wenfu;WANG Zhaoqing;GUO Lingyi(Southwestern University of Finance and Economics;Shenzhen University)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学财政税务学院,611130 [2]深圳大学中国经济特区研究中心,518040

出　　处：《经济研究》2020年第5期49-65,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：教育部人文规划项目(15YJA790061);国家社科基金项目(18BJL027);西南财经大学专项课题“分权行为、地方政府行为与经济结构失衡”(JBK2005006)的资助。

摘　　要：我国经济发展长期面临结构调整问题。本文在分析我国财政分权和经济结构失衡的基础上,选择动态随机一般均衡分析框架,通过构建一个包含经济发达、经济欠发达两个地区和中央与地方两级政府的模型来研究财政分权对经济结构失衡的作用,然后对其作用的内在机制进行探讨。模型模拟分析发现:财政分权加剧了经济结构失衡,而且一个地区的财政分权对另一个地区的经济结构失衡有溢出效应;在这一作用机制中,财政分权所引起的地方政府投资水平、地方政府之间竞争、地方政府债务水平上升和地方政府投资的正外部性担任着重要角色。本文研究结论意味着,促使地方政府由投资型政府转向服务型政府、强化人力资本投资、提高劳动收入份额,可促进经济结构的调整。Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,China's economic development has led to remarkable achievements.China's growth rate has attracted worldwide attention,its economic scale ranks second in the world and its comprehensive national strength has continuously improved.Yet while these achievements are gratifying,China has also suffered from an imbalance in its economic structure.According to Xi Jinping(2017),China's economic development faces prominent contradictions and problems,such as a lack of endogenous power for economic growth,the accumulation of financial risks,the expansion of local government debt risks and the upgrading of the demand structure.The causes of these problems include cyclical and aggregate factors,but their root cause is major structural imbalance,which led to a poor economic cycle.The main contributions of this paper are as follows.First,we adopt the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE)model,which is mainly used to study the macroeconomic aggregate fluctuations of developed countries,to analyze the economic structure of a developing country.Studying economic structures in this way is a novel application of the DSGE model.Second,there has been no unified logic to explain economic structure imbalances in domestic research.We study the reasons for economic structure imbalances with a unified logic.In this paper,we conduct in-depth research using the perspective of fiscal decentralization and its impact on China's economic structure and the long-term presence of China's economic imbalances.To reveal its inherent logical relationship,which is based on the basic facts of fiscal decentralization and structural imbalances,we construct a DSGE model for two regions and two levels of government under the framework of the new open economy macroeconomics model.This model leads to three main conclusions.First,in the case of local governments pursuing GDP goals,fiscal decentralization and the competition between local governments lead to increases in local government investments and incre

关 键 词：财政分权 地方政府行为 经济结构失衡 动态随机一般均衡 

分 类 号：F81[经济管理—财政学]