产业分工、部门部类关系与总体产值利润率  

Industrial Division,Sector and Department Relations and the Total Profit Ratio of Production

作　　者：程远 胡秋阳[2] 姚万军[2] CHENG Yuan;HU Qiuyang;YAO Wanjun(Institute of Quantitative&Technical Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;School of Economics,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所,100732 [2]南开大学经济学院,300071

出　　处：《经济研究》2020年第5期133-149,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71874090);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(18YJA790034);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(63182009)的资助。

摘　　要：中国的总体产值利润率处于相对较低水平,且由上升转为了下降。本文运用投入产出法构建了统一产业内部因素和产业结构因素的总体产值利润率变动因素分解模型,并在产业结构因素中涵盖了水平分工和垂直分工两个方面。研究结果表明,利润在产业内部初次分配中的份额普遍由升转降主导了中国总体产值利润率的由升转降,产业结构因素则向着有利于总体产值利润率的方向转变:“大量投入,大量产出”式的垂直分工规模扩张明显缓和;垂直分工结构由“自膨胀式的生产链工业化”向“生产链服务化”转变;水平分工结构伴随消费和投资的结构升级而升级。这些因素带动了产业结构向利润份额较高的第三产业转移,从而有利于总体产值利润率提高。这说明,非生产性部门的资本是通过将其专门承担的非生产性业务扩展渗透到最终需求领域以及垂直分工深化和资本有机构成提高背景下的广泛的生产流通领域,从而取得相对更快增长进而取得更高剩余价值份额,并因其利润分配比率较高而产生提高总体利润率的效果。因此,发展现代产业体系不单纯是一个产业结构调整升级问题,还是一个各部门资本特别是生产部门和非生产部门的资本关系的协调问题。China's total profit ratio of production is relatively low,and its trend has changed from rising to declining in recent years.This paper uses input-output analysis to construct a factor decomposition model of the total profit ratio of production that incorporates the factors of intra-industry and industrial structure.Our model incorporates the perspective of industrial division into the industrial structure factors so that it can cover both horizontal and vertical division structures.This approach allows us to see how the structural evolution of the industrial division system has affected the total profit ratio of production.Our analysis of China's total profit ratio of production from 2002 to 2015 shows that the profit share in the initial distribution structure,an intra-industry factor,has changed from rising to declining.This change is the driving force behind the rise and fall of the total profit ratio of production.The structural factor of the industrial division system has changed to increasing the total profit ratio of production,and this change is reflected in several ways.The scale expansion of the vertical division of the“large input,large output”mode has been mitigated in the latter stage and the vertical division structure has changed from a“self-expanding industrialization of the production chain”to a“servitization of the production chain.”The horizontal division structure has changed with the upgrading of the consumption structure and the investment structure.These changes in the industrial division system have driven the industrial structure into the tertiary industry with higher profit shares,which is conducive to increasing the total profit ratio of production.From the perspective of political economics,these results mean that the capital of some unproductive sectors achieved relatively faster growth by continuously extending their specialized unproductive business into the final demand field and by continuously extending into the intermediate links in production and circulation again

关 键 词：产值利润率 产业分工 投入产出模型 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]