政党政治动员与民族分离主义——苏格兰民族党在苏格兰分离态势形成中的作用  

Political Mobilization and Ethnic Separatism:The Role of the Scottish National Party in the Scottish Secessionist Movement

作　　者：胡莉[1] Hu Li

机构地区：[1]北京大学区域与国别研究院,100871

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2020年第2期59-83,6,7,共27页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：教育部国别和区域研究指向性课题“苏格兰民族党研究”项目资助;中国博士后科学基金会第66批面上项目“现代化视野下的苏格兰民族问题研究”资助(项目号:2019M660008)

摘　　要：现代分离运动产生原因有多方面,从分离理论的视角看,分离型政党的政治动员发挥着关键作用。在起源上讲,苏格兰民族党是一个分离型政党,它使用民族主义与民粹主义话语,持续动员民众支持分离。这些话语含有"民族"与"民主"的合法性,用其描述苏格兰与英格兰之间的多维差异,能够让民众相信分离的合理性。当分离获得部分民众支持后,英国政府不得不做出回应。然而,英国政府如采取顺应措施,则助推了分离,如采取压制措施,则刺激民族情绪反弹,也推进了分离。目前,苏格兰分离态势已经形成,英国"脱欧"所引发的苏格兰的二次独立公投危机进入拐点期,可能引发英国政府向苏格兰议会下放更多权力。There are many reasons for modern secessionist movements.From the perspective of secessionism,one of the most important elements is the political mobilization of separatist parties.The Scottish National Party is a separatist party by origin,continuously mobilizing popular support for independence through the use of nationalist and populist language.For example,the Party uses terms derived from fundamental ideas of"nation"and"democracy"to claim legitimacy for the movement.The British government has responded either by making compromises or taking repressive measures.This paper suggests that neither approach is effective.While compromise might potentially accelerate the process of secession,punitive measures,in turn,could fuel nationalist sentiment,which would also stimulate the separatist movement.At present,the Scottish secessionist movement has increasing momentum.The crisis of the second independence referendum caused by Brexit has reached a turning point.

关 键 词：认同政治 分离运动 英国 苏格兰 苏格兰民族党 民族主义 民粹主义 独立公投 

分 类 号：D756.1[政治法律—政治学]